Software such as operating systems, word processing, spreadsheets, graphics, and others often serves as a base for a number of third-party add-in products or plug-ins. These add-ins enhance the functionality of the base product. Unless protected by patents, these add-ins can potentially be bundled into the base software. The impact of this bundling on the profits of the base software producer a...

LOOPN is a language and simulator for specifying systems in terms of coloured timed petri nets. It includes object-oriented features such as subtyping, inheritance and polymorphism which allow for the convenient modularisation of complex specifications. This paper examines the issue of modular correctness, and the extent to which the traditional invariant analysis of petri nets is applicable. I...

Objective: To assess the impact that Fertilizers Program for Welfare would have on corn production and consumption in state of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: A spatial equilibrium model applied to market Chiapas 2018 was used. benefits policy implementation, producer consumer surpluses were calculated with without Program. Results: The results indicate implementation program increases by 171 115...

introduction: market power is an important factor affecting welfare. existence of market power on the purchase side reduces supplier welfare. however, existence of market power on the sales side reduces supplier welfare. some believe that the agricultural market structure is a monopoly. in fact, most of the agricultural products can be purchased by small firms and then delivered to consumers be...

This paper studies the relationship between biodiversity conservation in Northern boreal forests and its implications to the international competitiveness of the forest industry in an imperfectly competitive roundwood and goods markets. We start from the notion that conserving biodiversity, like preserving the key biotopes in all publicly and privately managed forests, leads to a decrease in th...

This paper introduces and analyses the idea of the binding structure of a social interaction scheme. Binding structures are proposed as means to model the binding power that an interaction scheme imposes on agents interacting according to the scheme, in a social context. The paper considers the case of a basic interaction scheme, namely, the basic Producer-Consumer scheme, to explain the way th...

The use of multiple partial viewpoints is recommended for specification. We believe they also can be useful for devising strategies for testing. In this paper, we use Object-Z to formally specify concurrent Java components from viewpoints based on the separation of application and synchronisation concerns inherent in Java monitors. We then use the Test-Template Framework on the Object-Z viewpoi...