Gladiatorial combat was in reality a lot less lethal than it is depicted in the cinema. This short paper highlights how cooperative strategies could have prevailed in the arenas, which is generally what happened during the Games. Cooperation in the arena corresponded to a situation of the professionalization of gladiators, who been trained in gladiatorial schools. This case provides an analogy ...

Faculty development, or staff development as it is often called, has become an increasingly important component of medical education, and most medical schools now offer formal faculty development programmes and activities. As McLean and colleagues have stated in their recent AMEE Guide “with demands on medical faculties to be socially responsible and accountable, there is increasing pressure fo...

Due to increasing professionalization and specialization in the development of computer and video games new challenges regarding the support of knowledgeintensive activities emerge. This paper aims at sensitizing and systematizing the needs and potentials for continuous integration of knowledge management into game development. It describes the interplay of development activities and involved p...

Language teacher education programs and language teaching research often overlook the impact of precarity on teachers, their practice, sense professional identity. The lack stable employment in field creates barriers to professionalization development teachers. Precarious is used further marginalize teachers within institutions by systematically excluding them from activities that would enhance...

A shortage of skilled laborers has constrained the new development path called Construction 4.0, which is proposed to improve construction industry with advanced technologies. It should be noted that mismatch between labor skills and technological progress will harm sustainable sector. In China, a three-tier management structure consisting contractors, subcontractors, widespread in market. Cons...

Political parties in developed democracies have undergone deep inner transformation processes brought about by changes voting behaviour of their electorates, fragmentation media landscape, and technological revolution. Such caused that the topic political party has become a central focus current science research. However, only few works addressed specific aspects these far-reaching transformati...