We present an on-line algorithm for the runtime checking of temporal properties, expressed as past-time Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) over the traces of observations recorded by a "black box"-like device. The recorder captures the observed values but not the precise time of their occurrences, and precise truth evaluation of a temporal logic formula cannot always be obtained. In order to handle th...

EAGLE is a very powerful logic for expressing behavioral properties about systems that evolve over time. Specifically, the logic can be used to monitor the execution of computer programs. EAGLE is an extension of propositional logic with three temporal kernel operators, with recursion, and with parameterization over formulas in the logic as well as over data values. Formula parameterization all...

Arguably, ω-regular languages play an important rôle as a specification formalism in many approaches to systems monitoring via runtime verification. However, since their elements are infinite words, not every ω-regular language can sensibly be monitored at runtime when only a finite prefix of a word, modelling the observed system behaviour so far, is available. The monitorability of an ω-regula...

We propose Dagger, a lightweight system to dynamically vet sensitive behaviors in Android apps. Dagger avoids costly instrumentation of virtual machines or modifications to the Android kernel. Instead, Dagger reconstructs the program semantics by tracking provenance relationships and observing apps’ runtime interactions with the phone platform. More specifically, Dagger uses three types of low-...

Most of the runtime failures of a software system can be revealed during test execution only, which has a very high cost. In Java programs, runtime failures are manifested as unhandled runtime exceptions. In this paper we present an approach and tool for detecting runtime exceptions in Java programs without having to execute tests on the software. We use the symbolic execution technique to impl...

logical form or covert syntax is a syntactic level introduced in recent generative approaches. using the ideas of first-order predicate logic, it interprets the strings whose elements cannot move in s–structure, because an element moves if it does not acquire its necessary scope. but unlike the predicate logic, logical form is based on syntactic principles and rules. therefore, logical form is ...

The software toolchain includes static analyzers to check assertions about programs; optimizing compilers to translate programs to machine language; operating systems and libraries to supply context for programs. Our Verified Software Toolchain verifies with machine-checked proofs that the assertions claimed at the top of the toolchain really hold in the machine-language program, running in the...

Runtime monitoring is a central operational decision support task in business process management. It helps executors to check on-the-fly whether running instance satisfies constraints of interest, providing an immediate feedback when deviations occur. We study runtime properties expressed ltl f , variant the classical (Linear-time Temporal Logic) that interpreted over finite traces, and its ext...