This study attempted to investigate the effect of bilingualism on pragmaticawareness and development among Iranian Turkish/Persian EFL learners. Data werecollected through a personal profile questionnaire with questions about theparticipants’ language background and a WDCT with 10 situations to determine theextent to which the bilinguals demonstrated their pragmatic awareness of requests.They w...

This article describes current compatibility issues with ODE Architect software suite and 64-bit Windows operating systems, and proposes viable alternatives using virtual machine environment and cloud computing.

accordingly, this study attempts to present an effective tool based on the securitized commodity murabahah and to fulfill its feasibility study.  the overall structure of the tool is such that the banks with surplus funds, at first, reallocate their resources to banks in deficit by commodity murabahah program and then convert their demands from those banks to securitized commodity murabahah, an...

The notion of " Islamic finance " was born during the tumultuous identity-politics years of the mid-twentieth century. Indian, Pakistani, and Arab thinkers contemplated independence from Britain, and independence of Pakistan from India, within a context of " Islamic society. " Islam was assumed to inspire political, economic, and financial systems that are distinctive and independent of the Wes...

The article discusses whether an electronic banknote is a ‘banknote’. issue dealt with as matter of general statutory interpretation in the context evolving technologies and institutional arrangements. proposes clear terminology to address concepts underlying digital currencies access central bank money argues that may be ‘written’ electronically. critical both account-based Central Bank Digita...

This article recognises the potential importance of Islamic finance products in Australia, along with the current regulatory impediments preventing Australia from becoming a leader in the Asia-Pacific Islamic finance market. Taking into account the potential importance of, and impediments to, Islamic finance, this article highlights, through the historical development and contemporary state of ...