SZEPESI, B., E, H. AVERY, AND R. A. FREEDLAND. RoZe of kidney in gluconeugenesis and amino acid catabolism. Am. J. Physiol. 2 19 (6) : 1627-1631. 1970--The enzyme profiles of rat liver and kidney were studied in five different conditions: a) high-carbohydrate, protein-free diet, b) high-carbohydrate (adequate protein) diet with or without exogenous hydrocortisone, and c) high-protein, carbohydr...

Muscle wasting (skeletal and cardiac) is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality. Muscle wasting is primarily the result of increased proteolysis within muscle that leads to excessive degradation of structural proteins such as actin. Accelerated muscle protein degradation is associated with insulin resistance. Muscle protein metabolism in cardiac muscle under conditions of insulin re...

Proteinase Inhibitors: Medical and Biological Aspects (Katunuma, N., ed.), pp. 97-109, Springer-Verlag Co., New York Roisen, F. J., Wilson, F. J., Yorke, G., Inczedy-Marcsek, M. & Hirabayashi, T. (19836) J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motility 4, 163-175 Schwartz, W. N. & Bird, J . W. C. (1977) Biochem. J . 167,811 -820 St. John, A. C., McElligott, M. A., Lee, J. A., Keaton, K. S., Yorke, G . , Roisen, F...

The phhC gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a protein which is a member of the Family I aminotransferases. At high expression levels in the heterologous Escherichia coli system, PhhC can compensate for the absence of AspC (which functions in L-aspartate biosynthesis) and TyrB (which functions in aromatic biosynthesis). In the native organism, PhhC is essential for catabolism of either L-tyr...

Intradialytic protein catabolism is attributed to loss of amino acids in the dialysate. We investigated the effect of amino acid infusion during hemodialysis (HD) on muscle protein turnover and amino acid transport kinetics by using stable isotopes of phenylalanine, leucine, and lysine in eight patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Subjects were studied at baseline (pre-HD), 2 h of HD w...

In the plant-pathogenic enterobacterium Erwinia chrysanthemi, almost all known genes involved in pectin catabolism are controlled by the transcriptional regulator KdgR. In this study, the comparative genomics approach was used to analyse the KdgR regulon in completely sequenced genomes of eight enterobacteria, including Erw. chrysanthemi, and two Vibrio species. Application of a signal recognit...

Prolonged surgical stress and advanced malignant disease lead to systemic catabolism characterized by depletion of muscle protein and oxidation of skeletal muscle BCAA. BCAA oxidation provides energy for muscle and other organs and is the precursor for amino acid synthesis to replenish alanine and glutamine depleted in catabolic states. Persistent excessive catabolism leads to skeletal muscle w...

Acute uremia (ARF) causes metabolic defects in glucose and protein metabolism that contribute to muscle wasting. To examine whether there are also defects in the metabolism of essential amino acids in ARF, we measured the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for branched-chain amino acid catabolism, branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKAD), in rat muscles. Because chronic acidosis activate...

Whole body protein synthesis and catabolism were measured using the [ring-2H5]phenylalanine and [1-13C]leucine primed constant infusion technique in 32 paediatric patients with cancer at different stages of treatment. Rates of synthesis (S) and catabolism (C) derived from the [ring-2H5]phenylalanine and [1-13C]leucine models were 4.7 (SD 1.3) (S) and 6.0 (1.5) (C) g/d/kg, and 5.5 (0.8) (S) and ...