Example. Let X be an algebraic projective irreducible surface over a field k and let P be a closed point of X , C ⊂ X be an irreducible curve such that P ∈ C . If X and C are smooth at P , then we let t ∈ OX,P be a local equation of C at P and u ∈ OX,P be such that u|C ∈ OC,P is a local parameter at P . Denote by C the ideal defining the curve C near P . Now we can introduce a two-dimensional l...

The distribution of ideal class groups of Fq(T, √ M(T )) is examined for degree-four monic polynomials M ∈ Fq[T ] when Fq is a finite field of characteristic greater than 3 with q ∈ [20000, 100000] or q ∈ [1020000, 1100000] and M is irreducible or has an irreducible cubic factor. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of the p-Sylow part of the class group, and these results agree wit...

We show that the maximal subgroup of the free profinite semigroup associated by Almeida to an irreducible sofic shift is a free profinite group, generalizing an earlier result of the second author for the case of the full shift (whose corresponding maximal subgroup is the maximal subgroup of the minimal ideal). A corresponding result is proved for certain relatively free profinite semigroups. W...

For a compact, orientable, irreducible, ∂-irreducible, and an-annular 3-manifold, it is shown there are only finitely many boundary slopes for incompressible ∂-incompressible surfaces of bounded Euler characteristic. We use normal surface theory the inverse relationship crushing triangulation along [8] that inflating an ideal [12] to introduce study boundary-efficient triangulations end-efficie...

It is shown that the discount factor needed to solve an undiscounted mean payoff stochastic game to optimality is exponentially close to 1, even in oneplayer games with a single random node and polynomially bounded rewards and transition probabilities. On the other hand, for the class of the so-called irreducible games with perfect information and a constant number of random nodes, we obtain a ...

From [4] we continue the algebraic investigation of generalized and equiaffine curvature tensors in a given pseudo-Euclidean vector space and study different orthogonal, irreducible decompositions in analogy to the known decomposition of algebraic curvature tensors. We apply the decomposition results to characterize geometric properties of Codazzi structures and relative hypersurfaces; particul...

We prove Dirichlet's theorem for polynomial rings: Let F be a pseudo algebraically closed field. Then for all relatively prime polynomials a(X), b(X) ∈ F [X] and for every sufficiently large integer n there exist infinitely many polynomials c(X) ∈ F [X] such that a(X) + b(X)c(X) is irreducible of degree n, provided that F has a separable extension of degree n.

Phonon angular momentum in chiral materials has been widely studied spintronics and condensed matter physics. In crystals, this is not the conserved quantity contrast to pseudo-angular momentum. To highlight point understand behavior of momentum, we reexamined phonon dispersion theory based on irreducible representation helix found distinction these originated from chirality.

We prove the following form of Dirichlet’s theorem for polynomial rings in one indeterminate over a pseudo algebraically closed field F . For all relatively prime polynomials a(X), b(X) ∈ F [X] and for every sufficiently large integer n there exist infinitely many polynomials c(X) ∈ F [X] such that a(X) + b(X)c(X) is irreducible of degree n, provided that F has a separable extension of degree n.

We study the structure of 0-primitive near-rings and are able to answer an open question in the theory of minimal ideals in near-rings to the negative, namely if the heart of a zero symmetric subdirectly irreducible near-ring is subdirectly irreducible again. Also, we will be able to classify when a simple near-ring with an identity and containing a minimal left ideal is a Jacobson radical near...