The complex nature of interactions between the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems is becoming increasingly appreciated. Pulmonary vascular abnormalities are frequently present in patients with respiratory disorders, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, neuromuscular or chest wall disorders, and disorders of ventilatory control including ...

Collagen diseases are a large group of systemic inflammatory diseases of autoimmune etiology. The etiopathogenesis of collagen diseases is multifactorial. There is genetic susceptibility, as many connective tissue disorders show family history, and environmental factors may trigger the disease. Collagen diseases can affect almost all the organs of the body. The respiratory system is one of the ...

reader for the subsequent complex terrain. The book includes chapters which catalogue topics such as efferent-afferent neuronal circuitry (M. Palkovitz and L. Zaborszky), limbic and brainstem connections (J. Sutin and R. McBride), and Golgi analysis of the major cell types in the hypothalamus (O. Millhouse). It includes a phylogenetic description of the hypothalamic monoamine and acetylcholines...

1Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, TS, India 2Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, TS, India 3Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bangalore, KA, India *Corresponding author Subhakar Kandi, MD Professor and Head Department of Pulmonary Diseases Osmania Medical College Hyderabad, TS, India Tel. 924...

1 Chawla LS, Zia H, Gutierrez G, et al. Lack of equivalence between central and mixed venous oxygen saturation. Chest 2004; 126:1891–1896 2 Edwards JD, Mayall RM. Importance of the sampling site for measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation in shock. Crit Care Med 1998; 26:1356–1360 3 von Ludinghausen M. The venous drainage of the human myocardium. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 2003; 168:1–104...

Gene therapy for pulmonary disease has attracted a great deal of attention since the first report of successful gene delivery 10 years ago. Potential indications for gene therapy include chronic illnesses such as cystic fibrosis and alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency, and acute illnesses such as acute transplant rejection and chemotherapy-induced lung injury. The key technological impediment to su...

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease caused by small pulmonary artery obstruction by vascular proliferation and remodeling. PH is characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and increased pulmonary vascular resistance, frequently leading to right heart failure and death. PH is defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mm Hg at rest with right heart catheterization. T...

one of the more infrequent congenital diseases with a wide spectrum of symptoms and more complications of the right side of pulmonary artery (63% according to ten harkel) is unilateral pulmonary artery agenesis (upaa). the clinical presentation is variable, and many patients can be asymptomatic for many years and even throughout their lives. although the disease more frequently appears in child...