Refining is one of the most energy intensive processes in the manufacture of paper and paperboard. While refining combines a blend of science, art, and operating experience, nearly all papermakers acknowledge that we over-refine our paper machine stock fiber. Series and parallel equipment line-ups are commonplace, and different hydraulic paths are necessary to accommodate the plethora blends of...

This study established a novel process using sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) for robust and efficient bioconversion of softwoods. The process consists of sulfite treatment of wood chips under acidic conditions followed by mechanical size reduction using disk refining. The results indicated that after the SPORL pretreatment of spruce chips with 8-10% bisu...

Cellulosic paper-based membranes reveal incalculable application values for oil–water separation owing to their renewability and biodegradability. In this work, a cellulosic membrane was prepared via papermaking in-situ gelation. The porosity of the can be tailored by pulp refining in further adjust flux membranes. as-prepared separate emulsion efficiently with efficiency > 98.5%. also showed g...

Abstract With an annual production of more than 400 million tons, paper is the main product largest biorefinery process industrially implemented. Enzymes have been used for pulp refining to dramatically reduce energy consumption. However, exact mechanisms related individual enzymes are hardly understood. Yet, this knowledge would be important predict enzyme performance in industrial processes. ...

Some pretreatments that swell and/or open the structure of wood fibers could increase the effectiveness of a biobleaching process, allowing for an industrial application. To this end, a chemical pretreatment (urea, U), a physical pretreatment (refining, R), and their combinations (RU and UR) were optimized to evaluate and compare their enhancement of the LE biobleaching sequence (laccase-mediat...

1.1 Manufacturing processes Major industries with exposure to strong inorganic acid mists include those that manufacture phosphate fertilizer, isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol), synthetic ethanol (ethyl alcohol), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and lead batteries. Exposure also occurs during copper smelting, and pickling and other acid treatment of metals (Suresh, 2009). Minor uses of sulfuric acid i...

Hydrogen Sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It naturally occurs in the gases from volcanoes, sulfur springs, undersea vents, swamps, stagnant bodies of water, and in crude petroleum and natural gas. Additionally, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes release hydrogen sulfide during the decomposition of sulfur-containing proteins and by the...

Pulp & Paper Canada T 230 105:10 (2004) ❘ ❘ ❘ 35 wood were interrupted at night or on weekends. Wood supplied to the chippers at this time of year was therefore largely fresh and the age of logs in inventory was generally low. Beginning in the fall, the inventory of cut wood was built up both in the mill’s wood yard and in roadside piles in the woodlands. In winter, this inventory of fall-cut w...

Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on environment, need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, main biopolymer Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as platform for development biofuels, chemicals novel materials. Among latter, micro- nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention last few years. Their many attractiv...