The study that follows explores the uses of term zange 懺悔 in Gokuraku jōdo kuhon ōjōgi 極楽浄土九品往生義 （The Theory nine grades rebirth Pure Land Supreme Bliss） written by Jie Daishi Ryōgen 慈慧大師良源 （912-985）, and Ōjō yōshū 往生要集 （A collection essential [teachings] on rebirth） Eshin Sōzu Genshin 恵心僧都源信 （942-1017）. Through a comparison these texts, I argue even though they do share certain common ground r...