BACKGROUND Although robust discovery-phase platforms have resulted in the generation of large numbers of candidate cancer biomarkers, a comparable system for subsequent quantitative assessment and verification of all candidates is lacking. Established immunoassays and available antibodies permit analysis of small subsets of candidates; however, the lack of commercially available reagents, coupl...

Since immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was first reported, several modifications have been developed. Among them, Ni(2+) immobilized by chelation with nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) bound to a solid support has become the most common method for the purification of proteins carrying either a C- or N-terminal histidine (His) tag. Despite its broad application in protein purificat...

Biocatalytic transformations generally rely on purified enzymes or whole cells to perform complex transformations that are used on industrial scale for chemical, drug, and biofuel synthesis, pesticide decontamination, and water purification. However, both of these systems have inherent disadvantages related to the costs associated with enzyme purification, the long-term stability of immobilized...

In this paper the problem of minimum cost communication network design is considered where the costs are piecewise linear concave. Several methods are compared: Simulated Annealing method, a heuristic based on the method proposed by Minoux, and a lagrangian method based on lower bounding procedure.

This paper evaluates the financial and economic costs of reusing wastewater with reverse osmosis (R.O.) purification systems to mitigate risks near potable quality water shortages in an urban system. A distributional analysis is also undertaken identify those who bear externalities rich data set available conduct ex-post such a system operating Cyprus for several years. The levelized cost R.O. ...

The ability of agar with different purification degrees to produce packaging films has been evaluated and the stability obtained materials after prolonged storage investigated. less purified resulted in higher water vapor permeability lower mechanical performance than pure commercial agar. However, film required addition a plasticizer that could be manipulated. It also observed at 53 % RH resul...

In the field of electrocoagulation (EC), various studies on pollutant removal and use different EC technologies have already been made. An process generates sludge, which is considered waste, resulting in increased operational costs that come from waste disposal. Sludge contains valuable materials, such as nutrients or metals removed during water purification, along with metals, aluminum iron, ...