Pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical methods to decompose lignocellulosic biomass that has a great potential for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels. This microreview focuses on catalytic reactions employed in the pyrolysis processes for the selective conversion of the biomass. The catalytic reactions are categorized into two groups according to the objective of the use of catalysis...

The general aim of this study is the valorisation of Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) via pyrolysis. Tar, the condensable gases obtained in the pyrolysis process, is an interesting alternative fuel. Thus, the pyrolysis process was investigated in order to maximize the tar yield. The design of experiment approach was used to plan a series of experiments and to identify which operating variables...

most of the targeted heavy metals (hms) in sewage sludge ended up in solid residues after pyrolysis and gasification, such as Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb, which their residual rates were over 70%. The bioavailability of the hms in residues decreased despite their concentrations being higher compared with in sludge. The potential eco-toxicity of each HM were ceased after pyrolysis and gasification of ...

A low SV causes relatively slow pyrolysis conditions at around 600°C, and produces high yields of charcoal 20-30%, large quantities of unburned tars, and a gas with high hydrocarbon content and high tar (volatile) content. A high SV causes very fast pyrolysis, producing less than 10% char-ash at 1050 C and hot gases at 1200-1400 C in the flaming pyrolysis zone. These gases then react with the r...

Exopolymers from a diverse collection of marine and freshwater bacteria were characterized by pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (Py-MS). Py-MS provides spectra of pyrolysis fragments that are characteristic of the original material. Analysis of the spectra by multivariate statistical techniques (principal component and canonical variate analysis) separated these exopolymers into distinct groups. P...

A catalytic technique to enhance graphite formation in nongraphitizing carbons was adapted to work with three-dimensional wood-derived scaffolds. Unlike many synthetic graphite precursors, wood and other cellulosic carbons remain largely disordered after high temperature pyrolysis. Using a nickel nitrate liquid catalyst and controlled pyrolysis conditions, wood-derived scaffolds were produced s...

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was applied to the determination of the ratio of the abundances of the syringyl beta-aryl ether subunits to those of the guaiacyl equivalents (S/G) in lignin. Diazomethane-methylated kenafs (Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa) and beech (Fagus crenata) in situ lignins were employed. Relative abundances...

Catalytic fast pyrolysis is a promising way to convert lignin into fine chemicals and fuels, but current approaches lack selectivity and yield unsatisfactory conversion. Understanding the pyrolysis reaction mechanism at the molecular level may help to make this sustainable process more economic. Reactive intermediates are responsible for product branching and hold the key to unveiling these mec...

The pyrolysis of two types of tobacco residue was carried out at different pyrolysis temperatures between 300 and 600 °C and a residence time of 1 h in a nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of pyrolysis temperature on the product distributions was investigated and the composition of the bio-oils identified. The variation in product distribution depended on both the temperature and the type of tobac...

Historical models for cellulose pyrolysis and mathematical approaches to kinetic analysis are reviewed with the objective of identifying the correct global chemical kinetic models and parameters for cellulose pyrolysis. In most recent experiments, cellulose pyrolysis clearly has sigmoidal reaction character, which is consistent with one of a sequential, nucleation− growth, or random-scission gl...