cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by consuming food or water contaminated with the bacterium vibrio cholerae. two main epidemiological characteristic of disease is tendency for create of sudden outbreaks and the ability to causing a pandemic. the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of the disease. this survey is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on repo...

fi ndings: A number of studies have examined the property value impacts of historic preservation, but few have considered how preservation shapes neighborhood composition. In this study, we ask whether the designation of historic districts contributes to changes in the racial composition and socioeconomic status of New York City neighborhoods. Bringing together data on historic districts with a...

landscape architect mohammad shaheer (1948-2015) was the principal consultant in the restoration of several historic gardens in india and afghanistan. this article presents his particular approaches and methods in three landscape restoration projects: humayun’s tomb gardens and sunder nursery central axis in delhi, and babur garden in kabul.shaheer had a deep understanding of persian garden and...

Distance is a recognized key determinant of walking. Pedestrians tend to choose the shortest route between two points. Shortest routes can be spatially described in terms distances points or topologically as number turns/directional changes these This paper presents methodology evaluate conditions provided by street network pedestrians, using space syntax measures. Accessibility was calculated ...