Humans discount larger delayed rewards less steeply than smaller rewards, whereas no such magnitude effect has been observed in rats (and pigeons). It remains possible that rats' discounting is sensitive to differences in the quality of the delayed reinforcer even though it is not sensitive to amount. To evaluate this possibility, Experiment 1 examined discounting of qualitatively different foo...

The rising concern about climate change and other challenges faced by the planet led society to look for different design solutions approaches towards a more balanced relationship between built natural environment. circular economy is an effective alternative linear economic model inspired metabolisms use of resources. This research explores how innovative strategies can be integrated evaluatin...