Illicit drugs are increasingly sold on cryptomarkets and social media. Buyers sellers perceive these online transactions as less risky than conventional street-level exchanges. Following the Risks & Prices framework, law enforcement is largest cost component of illicit drug distribution. We examine whether prices lower media reported by primarily offline markets. Data consists advertisements fo...

Joint economic lot sizing (JELS) addresses integrated inventory models in a supply chain. Most of the studies in this field either do not consider the role of the transportation cost in their analysis or consider transportation cost as a fixed part of the ordering costs. In this article, a model is developed to analyze an incremental quantity discount in transportation cost. Appropriate equatio...

In recent years, Supplier evaluation and selection, an important element in supply chain management, has been gaining attention in both academic literature and industrial practice. The Mixed integer multi-Objective non-Linear programming model (MIMONLP) presented in this paper aimed to evaluate and select the appropriate set of suppliers considering quantitative and qualitative criteria and in ...

A firm facing price dependent stochastic demand aims to maximize its total expected profit over a planning horizon. In addition to the regular unit selling price, the firm can utilize quantity discounts to increase sales. We refer to this dual-pricing strategy as quantity-based price differentiation. At the beginning of each period, the firm needs to make three decisions: replenish the inventor...

Previous ordering cost reduction vendor–buyer inventory models with backorder price discount usually assumed that the buyer must pay to the vendor for the ordered items as soon as the items are received, the received quantity is same as the ordered quantity and the transportation cost is independent of the shipment lot-size. In practice, however, the vendor is willing to offer the buyer a certa...

The classic Economic Order Quantity model assumes that the unit purchasing cost is not based on the order quantity. In practice, a supplier may offer purchasers an all-units discount. We develop a model and solution procedure for the EOQ with all-unit discounts and partial backordering at a constant rate. We show, and illustrate with a numerical example, how that model can be used to find the s...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2008.09.037 * Tel.: +90 312 2901702. E-mail address: [email protected]. In this study, we analyze the replenishment decisions under a general replenishment cost structure that includes stepwise freight costs and all-units quantity discounts. We first formulate a general model that accounts for a larger class of problems an...

In this note, we consider a variation of the economic order quantity (EOQ) model where cumulative holding cost is a nonlinear function of time. This problem has been studied by Weiss (1982), and we here show how it is an approximation of the optimal order quantity for perishable goods, such as milk, and produce, sold in small to medium size grocery stores where there are delivery surcharges due...