Graphical Models have various applications in science and engineering which include physics, bioinformatics, telecommunication and etc. Usage of graphical models needs complex computations in order to evaluation of marginal functions, so there are some powerful methods including mean field approximation, belief propagation algorithm and etc. Quantum graphical models have been recently developed...

Chapter 1: Jeremy Butterfield, “On Symplectic Reduction in Classical Mechanics.” Chapter 2: Gordon Belot, “The Representation of Time and Change in Mechanics.” Chapter 3: David Malament, “Classical Relativity Theory.” Chapter 4: Michael Dickson, “Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics.” Chapter 5: Klaas Landsman, “Between Classical and Quantum.” Chapter 6: Jeffrey Bub, “Quantum Information and Comp...

Dan-Wei Zhang, ∗ Rui-Bin Liu, and Shi-Liang Zhu 1, 4, † Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, SPTE, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China Department of Physics and Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School ...

Simulating quantum mechanics is known to be a difficult computational problem, especially when dealing with large systems. However, this difficulty may be overcome by using some controllable quantum system to study another less controllable or accessible quantum system, i.e., quantum simulation. Quantum simulation promises to have applications in the study of many problems in, e.g., condensed-m...

Glossary Quantum dot device: nanoscopic electronic device resembling a transistor which incorporates a quantum dot as the central active element; sometimes also called single electron transistor. A quantum dot is an extremely small puddle of electrons which can be considered as an artificial atom since the confinement of electrons leads to quantized energy levels: the electrons form orbitals mu...

Feynman famously proposed simulating quantum physics using other, better controlled, quantum systems. This vision is now a reality within the realm of ultracold atomic physics. We discuss how these systems can be used to simulate many body physics, concentrating the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in 2D physics and the role of disorder.

This paper presents several observations on the connections between information, physics and computation. In particular, the computing power of quantum computers is examined. Quantum theory is characterized by superimposed states and non-local interactions. It is argued that recently studied quantum computers, which are based on local interactions, cannot simulate quantum physics.

Alireza Shabani* and Daniel A. Lidar Physics Department and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7 Chemical Physics Theory Group, Chemistry Department, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6 Received 8 May 2005;...