Darwinian evolution, which is characterized in terms of particular macroscopic behavior that emerges from microscopic organismic interaction, considers populations as units of evolutionary change. We formalize these concepts in evolutionary computation by developing notion of quotient evolutionary space(Q.E.S). We map set of all finite populations to a set of macroscopic properties of populatio...

The most abundant surface macromolecule on the promastigote stage of leishmanial parasites is a polymorphic lipophosphoglycan (LPG). We have elucidated the structures of two new LPGs, from Leishmania tropica (LRC-L36) and L. aethiopica (LRC-L495), and investigated the nature of intra-specific polymorphism in the previously characterized LPG of L. major (LRC-L456 and -L580). These molecules cont...

We introduce a new class of morphisms for event structures. The category obtained is cartesian closed, and a natural notion of quotient event structure is defined within it. We study in particular the topological space of maximal configurations of quotient event structures. We introduce the compression of event structures as an example of quotient: the compression of an event structure E is a m...

In this article, experimentally determined values of sound velocity in LPG in a temperature range (–23...+55) °C are presented. The measurements were taken using two industrial LPG samples in a standard five liter pressurized gas tank. The propagation time of a ultrasonic signal with the frequency of 0.7 MHz was measured. To increase the accuracy of measurement, a pulse-phase method was applied...

We study the norm induced by the supremum metric on the space of fuzzy numbers. And then we propose a method for constructing a norm on the quotient space of fuzzy numbers. This norm is very natural and works well with the induced metric on the quotient space.

It is proved that if a Banach space Y is a quotient of a Banach space having a shrinking unconditional basis, then every normalized weakly null sequence in Y has an unconditional subsequence. The proof yields the corollary that every quotient of Schreier's space is c o-saturated. §0. Introduction. We shall say that a Banach space Y has property (WU) if every normalized weakly null sequence in Y...

We prove that the dual or any quotient of a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property has the unconditional tree property. Then we prove that a separable reflexive Banach space with the unconditional tree property embeds into a reflexive Banach space with an unconditional basis. This solves several long standing open problems. In particular, it yields that a quotient...

The abundant cell surface glycolipid lipophosphoglycan (LPG) was implicated in many steps of the Leishmania infectious cycle by biochemical tests. The presence of other abundant surface or secreted glycoconjugates sharing LPG domains, however, has led to uncertainty about the relative contribution of LPG in vivo. Here we used an Leishmania major lpg1- mutant, which lacks LPG alone and shows att...