Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. Howeve...

Background: Rabies is a fatal but vaccine-preventable disease. Prevention of rabies in exposed individuals possible by providing them with the proper post-exposure prophylaxis. This study aims to assess compliance prophylaxis animal bite cases and factors associated it. Methods: A cross sectional was conducted between September 2022 November using predesigned, pretested proforma interview 300 p...

We describe five children who died of clinical rabies in a three month period (September to November 2011) in the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital. From previous experience and hospital records, this number of cases is higher than expected. We are concerned that difficulty in accessing post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) rabies vaccine may be partly responsible for this rise. We advocate: (a) promp...

Following Pasteur’s initial development of rabies vaccine, a variety of rabies vaccines were prepared from nerve tissues. Such nerve tissue vaccines (NTV) proved highly effective, but were also associated with occasional neuroparalytic reactions. The development of duck embryo vaccine (DEV), which is not prepared from nerve tissue, led to a fall in the rate of serious reactions in rabies prophy...

In most developing countries the dog remains the major transmission vector of rabies to man, despite the widespread use of parenteral vaccination. Parenteral vaccination does not, in general, achieve population immunity levels high enough to inhibit rabies transmission within the dog population. Following the demonstration that oral vaccination induced levels of population immunity sufficient t...

An experimentally killed rabies virus vaccine prepared in a human diploid cell strain (WI-38)-Wyeth rabies vaccine (WRV)-was used by various injection schedules in two separate studies to define more closely in human volunteer subjects an effective vaccination schedule for pre- or postexposure immunization, particularly for donors of rabies-hyperimmune plasma. To permit valid comparisons betwee...

Effective control of terrestrial wildlife rabies seemed almost impossible in Europe until the development of oral vaccination. Nowadays, oral vaccination of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by distributing vaccine baits is the method of choice in rabies control in most European countries. Consequently, large areas are now rabies-free and here baits are no longer distributed or the distribution of baits is...

A 10% suckling rat brain rabies vaccine free from encephalitogenic activity was prepared and inactivated with 1:8,000 beta-propiolactone (BPL), or ultraviolet light, or a combination of ultraviolet light and BPL, or 1% phenol. Potency was excellent in all samples, with the exception of the phenolized product which was marginal. A purified suckling rat brain (SRB) vaccine prepared by zonal centr...

PURPOSE Immunization against rabies in humans induces protective neutralizing antibodies; however, the induction of type 1 or type 2 cytokine mediated cellular immune responses following rabies vaccination is not understood. Hence, the present study investigated cellular cytokine responses in vaccinated individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study groups included healthy rabies antigen naive ...

This study evaluated the effect of Matricaria chamomilla and vaccination frequency on cattle immunization against rabies. Four groups (n = 15 /group) were treated with or without Matricaria chamomilla CH12 and vaccinated with one or two doses of rabies vaccine (30 day interval). No effect of chamomile was found on cattle immunization against rabies; however, antibody titers were protective in c...