Using Photovoltaic systems is gradually expanded by increasing energy demand. Abundance and availability of this energy, has turned to one of the most important sources of renewable energy. Unfortunately, photovoltaic systems have two big problems: first, those have very low energy conversion efficiency (in act between 12 and 42 percent under certain circumstances). Second, the power produced b...

in this paper, the effects of baffle on thermal characteristics of combined convection-radiation heat transfer in laminar flow adjacent to an inclined backward facing step (bfs) in a horizontal duct are investigated. a baffle is mounted on the top wall of channel downstream side of step. in this study, the fluid is treated as a gray, absorbing, emitting and scattering medium; therefore, in the ...

Background: Several high-precision stereotactic radiation therapy modalities are currently used in clinical settings. We aimed to evaluate whether the CyberKnife (CK) or TrueBeam (TB) radiation treatment systems were more appropriate for treating targets of various morphologies according to the physical properties of each device.  Materials and Methods: Spheres (diameter = 5–50 mm), as well as ...

Introduction: Integrated radiation therapy - MRI systems are capable of delivering high doses to the target tissues near sensitive organs and achieve better therapeutic results; however, the Applied magnetic fields for imaging, can influence the charged path, change the penetration depth and deflect the particles, laterally, leading to dose distribution variations. Therefore, i...

the aim of this study is to provide a control software system, based on monte carlo simulation, and calculations of dosimetric parameters of standard and wedge radiation fi elds, using a monte carlo method. gate version 6.1 (opengate collaboration), was used to simulate a compact 6 mv linear accelerator system. in order to accelerate the calculations, the phase-space technique and cluster compu...

Here we describe the first clinical experiences regarding the use of an automated radiation dose management software to monitor the radiation dose of patients during routine examinations. Many software solutions for monitoring radiation dose have emerged in the last decade. The continuous progress in radiological techniques, new scan features, scanner generations and protocols are the primary c...

Here we describe the first clinical experiences regarding the use of an automated radiation dose management software to monitor the radiation dose of patients during routine examinations. Many software solutions for monitoring radiation dose have emerged in the last decade. The continuous progress in radiological techniques, new scan features, scanner generations and protocols are the primary c...

thermal resistance of the external walls of buildings is highly important for reducing and optimizing the energy consumption needed for heating and cooling the buildings. identifying and evaluation of the thermal performance of common external wall systems can be very effective in improving the heat resistance. the hollow clay- block system extremely are in use in the iran construction system, ...

background: catheter ablation is widely used for treatment of atrial fibrillation. the use of fluoroscopic and non-fluoroscopic mapping systems in catheter ablation is common. this study conducted to investigate the safety and effectiveness of navx non-fluoroscopic mapping system.   methods : in this study, the appropriate electronic databases including cochrane library and ovid medline searche...

Background: Over the past several years, the rapidly increasing use of mobile phones has raised global concerns about the biological effects of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) radiation. Numerous studies have shown that exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can be associated with effects on the nervous, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, hematopoietic and ocular systems. In spite of genetic...