This article discusses t,he selection of the domain for a knowledge-based expert system for a corporate application The selection of the domain is a critical task in an expert system development At the st,art of a project looking into the development of an expert, syst,em, the knowledge engineering project team must investigate one or several possible expert system domains They must decide whet...

Auto regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been widely used to calculate monthly time series data formed by interannual variations of monthly data or inter-monthly variation. However, the influence brought about by inter-monthly variations within each year is often ignored. An improved ARIMA model is developed in this study accounting for both the interannual and inter-monthl...

Reliable measures of biomass, species composition, nitrogen status, and nutritive value provide important indicators the status pastures rangelands, allowing managers to make informed decisions. Traditional methods sample collection necessitate significant investments in time labor. Proximal sensing technologies have potential collect more data with a smaller investment However, protocols for c...

Rangelands of the United States provide ecosystem services that benefit society and rural economies. Native tree encroachment is often overlooked as a primary threat to rangelands due slow pace cover expansion positive public perception trees. Still, fragments these landscapes reduces herbaceous production, thereby threatening habitat quality for grassland wildlife economic sustainability anima...