Anzali International wetland is one of the most valuable water resources as registered in Ramsar convention with an extent of about 150 km2 in the south Caspian Sea. This wetland, not only has ecological and biological importance for migratory birds and rare fish species, but also is used for farms to discharge into the Caspian Sea through this wetland. Therefore its pollution control is very ...

Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed this review end up landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves production lower-value products. The allotropic nature carbon has been analysed to identify novel that could be obtained from used products, which al...

With the completion of rice genome sequencing, large collection of expression data and the great efforts in annotating rice genomes, the next challenge is to systematically assign functions to all predicted genes in the genome. The generations and collections of mutants at the genome-wide level form technological platform of functional genomics. In this study, we have reviewed currently employe...

Deep seawater is a valuable renewable resource. Due to its outstanding characteristics (i.e., clean, nutrient-rich and cold), deep seawater has been utilized in various subjects, such as mariculture, agriculture, food and beverage, pharmaceutical, medical, and renewable energy. As a result, deep seawater utilization cannot be separated from membrane technologies. Reverse osmosis has become the ...

Without sustainable competitive advantage firms have limited economic reasons to exist and will decline. Competitive advantage concerns the factors which provide competitive strength. This paper is based upon the resource-based view which considers firm resources to be heterogeneous and which believes that firms only have a small bundle of core resources irrespective of their overall performanc...

In today’s dynamic business environment many firms must pursue a series of competitive strategies to survive. According to RBV, these strategies are based upon a firm’s possession of resources and capabilities that are valuable, imperfectly inimitable, non-substitutable, rare and non-transferable. In this paper we extend research on online communities and interfirm performance differences by su...

The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) hypothesizes that the exploitation of valuable, rare resources and capabilities contributes to a firm’s competitive advantage, which in turn contributes to its performance. Despite this notion, few empirical studies test these hypotheses at the conceptual level. In response to this gap, this study empirically examines the relationships between value, ra...