Seasonal acclimatisation of thermal tolerance, evaporative water loss and metabolic rate, along with regulation of the hive environment, are key ways whereby hive-based social insects mediate climatic challenges throughout the year, but the relative importance of these traits remains poorly understood. Here, we examined seasonal variation in metabolic rate and evaporative water loss of worker b...

Humans and chimpanzees are believed to have shared a common ancestor about 6 million years ago. Here using a new distance measure called the Jump distance, we calculate the number of base substitutions that might have occurred in the mitochondrial DNA during these 6 million years. Because of the rapid rate of changes, Mitochondrial DNA has got its own place in phylogenetic analysis. In the lite...

For academic spin-offs I analyze the length of the time period between the founder’s leaving of academia and the establishment of her firm. A duration analysis reveals that a longer time-lag is caused by the necessity of assembling complementary skills, either by acquisition by a single founder or by searching for suitable teammembers. Furthermore, new ventures are established faster if there h...

Aims Patterns of species richness, such as the remarkable biodiversity of tropical regions, have been documented and studied for centuries. However, their underlying evolutionary and ecological causes are still incompletely understood. A commonly stated paradigm in the literature is that high richness in some habitats is directly caused by one of three competing explanations: (1) greater time-f...

In this paper, we consider the problem of document ranking in a non-traditional retrieval task, called subtopic retrieval. This task involves promoting relevant documents that cover many subtopics of a query at early ranks, providing thus diversity within the ranking. In the past years, several approaches have been proposed to diversify retrieval results. These approaches can be classified into...

We provide an updated version of the Compendium of Physical Activities, a coding scheme that classifies specific physical activity (PA) by rate of energy expenditure. It was developed to enhance the comparability of results across studies using self-reports of PA. The Compendium coding scheme links a five-digit code that describes physical activities by major headings (e.g., occupation, transpo...

The metabolic rate (MR) of four adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), two males and two females, was quantified during trained submersion and stationing behavior in laboratory tanks. MR was measured, at rest and for single submersions of increasing duration (1-7 min), by measuring oxygen consumption using open-circuit, indirect calorimetry. Standard MR was measured under conditio...

This paper provides updates on the geographical patterns in well-being of the population of the Barents region by applying indicators used in demography, public health, and environmental studies. In particular, we analyze recent demographic trends with regard to gender, age, ethnicity, and over time (1990−2015), considering depopulation, aging age structures, mortality and fertility patterns in...

OBJECTIVES An estimation of metabolic rate (MR) is needed to determine wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) reference values in order to reduce heat strain in physical workers. The aim of this study was to develop MR prediction equation for younger and older men in hot working environments. METHODS We measured the MR and heart rate (HR) of both younger and older men at ambient temperatures (Ta) ...

The exploration of wireless alternatives to Broadband access has continued to be very important to service providers. The Line-of-Sight (LOS) Free Space Laser (FSL) and 60-GHz radios are two promising wireless alternatives since they fall in the FCC license –free spectrum and thereby mitigate the tremendous expense of spectrum acquisition. However, the FSL solution is very limited as a carrier ...