Rating systems not only provide information to users but also motivate the rated agent. This paper solves for the optimal (effort-maximizing) rating system within the standard career concerns framework. It is a mixture two-state rating system. That is, it is the sum of two Markov processes, with one that reflects the belief of the rater and the other the preferences of the rated agent. The rati...

Underground storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) in geological formations plays a vital role capture and (CCS) technology. It involves capturing CO2 emissions from industrial processes power generation storing them underground, thereby reducing greenhouse gas curbing the impact climate change. This review paper features comparative analysis deep saline aquifers, depleted reservoirs, coal seams, basa...