Given that more than 30% of healthcare costs are wasted on inappropriate care, suboptimal care is increasingly connected to the quality of medical decisions. It has been argued that personal decisions are the leading cause of death, and 80% of healthcare expenditures result from physicians' decisions. Therefore, improving healthcare necessitates improving medical decisions, ie, making decisions...

On many traditional theories of belief, your belief state is represented by an assignment of credences to propositions, or sets of possible worlds. If you are rational, your credence distribution will be a probability measure. Traditional theories of belief fit with a standard Bayesian theory of rational belief change: on learning a proposition, you must update your belief state by conditionali...

We present a hamiltonian quantization of the SL(2, R) 3-dimensional ChernSimons theory with fractional coupling constant k = s/r on a space manifold with torus topology in the “constrain-first” framework. By generalizing the “Weyl-odd” projection to the fractional charge case, we obtain multi-components holomorphic wave functions whose components are the Kac-Wakimoto characters of the modular i...

Marek and Truszczy nski studied the representability issue for default logic. They proved that an arbitrary default theory can be represented by a weak seminormal default theory provided the language L has been extended by new atoms. We will prove in this paper that their construction preserves also rational and skeptical rational extensions.

We examine several formulations of the common practice of jumping to conclusions when actions demand decisions but solid knowledge fails. This practice permeates artificial intelligence, where systems assume many conclusions automatically as defaults simply because the questions they decide are known to occur frequently, and where other assumptions are formulated and adopted only when ignorance...