In this paper, a detailed theoretical analysis of fading margin in an asynchronous code division multiple access (A-CDMA) system is discussed. Rayleigh and Rician frequency-selective slowly fading channels are considered. Probability distribution and density functions of the probability of error are derived for Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The fluctuations in the channel capacity are pr...

B-scan Echocardiographic images unlikely carry unlikely images by scattering of ultrasound beams backed from structures within the body organ that is being scanned. Two major types of scatterings are diffused and coherent scatterings. Diffuse scatterings are caused when there are a large number of scatterers is with random phase within the resolution cell of the ultrasound beam and causes speck...

During the last few years, a number of numerical boundary condition schemes have been used to study various aspects of the no-slip wall condition using the lattice Boltzmann method. In this paper, a modified boundary condition method is employed to simulate the no-slip wall condition in the presence of the body force term near the wall. These conditions are based on the idea of the bounce-back ...

The channel law for amplitude-modulated solitons transmitted through a nonlinear optical fibre with ideal distributed amplification and a receiver based on the nonlinear Fourier transform is a noncentral chi distribution with 2n degrees of freedom, where n = 2 and n = 3 correspond to the singleand dual-polarisation cases, respectively. In this paper, we study the capacity of this channel in bit...

In this paper, we present a Stationary Wavelet Transform (SWT) based method for the purpose of despeckling the Synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) images by applying a maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) condition to estimate the noise free wavelet coefficients. The solution of the MAP estimator is based on the assumption that the wavelet coefficients have a known distribution. Rayleigh distribut...

In this paper a useful formulation for the multivariate Rayleigh probability density function (pdf) with an exponential form for its correlation matrix is presented. Furthermore, the corresponding multivariate Rayleigh cumulative distribution function (cdf) is derived in a nested infinite series representation, which converges rapidly and can be efficiently used in many wireless applications wi...

natural convective heat transfer of nano-fluid in porous media is present in many advanced engineering applications. in this work, this problem has been computationally simulated, using lbm. the configuration used includes a cold exterior region and hot interior cylinders with one-, two-, or three-cylinder arrangements. however, the effective area for heat transfer has been kept the same for al...

In the present study an effort has been made to find out the best fitting distribution of wind speed data recorded in Islamabad on a daily basis for the years 2001 to 2003. For this purpose two parameter Gamma, Weibull, Lognormal, Rayleigh, three parameter Burr and Frechet distributions are fitted to data and parameters for each distribution are estimated using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) metho...

This is an expository paper presenting t he following : (1) t hc origin, and (2) t he propelties of the R ayleigh distribution ; (3) the most e fficient cstimators of its paramctcrs; (4) a test of the hypothesis that a set of observations is from a R ayleigh dist ribu t ion ; (5) t he distr ibu t ion of t he ratio of t wo independent Rayleigh vari "tcs; and (6) the Rayleigh process deri ved fro...

Performance limits of information transfer over a discrete time memoryless Rayleigh fading channel with neither the receiver nor the transmitter knowing the fading coefficients except its statistics is an important problem in information theory. We derive closed form expressions for the mutual information of single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) Rayleigh fa...