Freeze–thaw damage is one of the primary causes deteriorating seismic resistance reinforced concrete (RC) structures. This paper proposed a freeze–thaw deterioration model for C30 concrete, and it can be employed to study time-varying performance aging RC columns. Next, this developed fragility analysis framework columns considering effect damage. Considering geometric parameters case-study bri...

Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a popular non-destructive technique for evaluating RC bridge elements as it can identify major subsurface defects within short span of time. The data interpretation the GPR profiles based on existing amplitude-based approaches not completely reliable when compared to actual condition concrete with destructive measures. An alternative image-based analysis consid...