Fluorescence-based single-molecule approaches have helped revolutionize our understanding of chemical and biological mechanisms. Unfortunately, these methods are only suitable at low concentrations fluorescent molecules so that single species interest can be successfully resolved beyond background signal. The application techniques has therefore been limited to high-affinity interactions despit...

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is one of the most important catalytic reactions that convert the synthetic gas to light and heavy hydrocarbons. One of the main issues is selecting the type of reactor. The slurry bubble reactor is suitable choice for FischerTropsch synthesis because of its good qualification to transfer heat and mass, high durability of catalyst, low cost maintenance and repair. The ...

—The article deals with the cascade nonlinear control of a chemical continuous stirred tank reactor. The control is performed in primary and secondary control-loops where the primary controlled output of the reactor is a concentration of the main reaction product and the secondary output is the reactant temperature. A common control input is the coolant flow rate. The controller in the primary ...

We project a novel digital control law for continuous stirred tank reactors, based on sampled measures of temperatures and reactant concentration, as it happens in practice. The methodology of relative degree preservation under sampling is used. It is proved that a suitably approximated sampled system, obtained by Taylor series expansion and truncation, in closed loop with the projected control...

In the ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated graft polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with starch, grafting frequencies and molecular weights of grafted polyacrylonitrile changed from 600 anhydroglucose units (AGU)/graft and 120000 to 280 AGU/graft and 36000 when concentrations of starch and AN were varied from 0.27 and 1.20 to 0.023 and 0,235 moles/I. of water, respectively. The influence of vari...

Instabilities in propagating fronts of the iodate-arsenous acid reaction are predicted by an empirical rate-law model. The planar front loses stability when the ratio of the reactant diffusivity to the autocatalyst diffusivity exceeds a critical value. The relative diffusivities can be altered by introducing a reagent that reacts specifically with the autocatalyst to form an immobile complex. E...

Inorganic-salt-induced morphological evolution of GdF3 crystals was demonstrated for the first time in a mild hydrothermal process. By varying the amount of inorganic salt, the GdF3 crystals could transform from uniform elliptic nanostructures to submicroplates. The increase of ionic strength, hindered diffusion of reactant ions, and selectively adsorption of barium cations were responsible for...

The mixed-phase relative rates approach for determining aerosol particle organic heterogeneous reaction kinetics is often performed utilizing mass spectral tracers as a proxy for particle-phase reactant concentration. However, this approach may be influenced by signal contamination from oxidation products during the experiment. In the current study, the mixed-phase relative rates technique has ...

electrosynthesis process has been used for preparation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles. zinc sulfide nanoparticles in different size and shapes were electrodeposited by electrolysis of zinc plate as anode in sodium sulfide solution. effects of several reaction variables, such as electrolysis voltage, sulfide ion concentration as reactant, stirring rate of electrolyte solution and temperature on p...