background during the last three decades, the total fertility rate (tfr) in iran has fallen considerably; from 6.5 per woman in 1983 to 1.89 in 2010. this paper analyzes the extent to which economic determinants at the micro and macro levels are associated with the number of children in iranian households.   methods household data from the 2010 household expenditure and income survey (heis) is ...

Using data from the Assets and Debts Survey of 1984 and the Survey of Financial Security of 1999, we document the evolution of wealth inequality in Canada between 1984 and 1999. Our main findings are as follows: 1) wealth inequality has increased between 1984 and 1999, 2) the growth in wealth inequality has been associated with substantial declines in real average and median wealth for young co...

positive or negative effects on trade depending on their design and implementation. Analysis in this chapter confirms that gains from a preferential trade agreement cannot be taken for granted; moreover, even in agreements with positive impacts on average incomes, not all members are assured of increases. The interesting policy question then is not whether RTAs are categorically good or bad, bu...

The existence of durable goods implies that the welfare flow from consumption cannot be directly associated with total consumption expenditures. As a result, tests of standard theories of consumption (such as the Permanent Income Hypothesis, or PIH) typically focus on nondurable goods and services. Specifically, these studies generally relate real consumption of nondurable goods and services to...

â  â â â  â  abstract â  this paper examines convergence of real gdp per capita in the selected east asian countries and this relationship with selected middle east countries during the period 1950-2009. the reason behind this refers to the fact that east asia countries (including china, hong kong, singapore, malaysia, indonesia, thailand, japan and south korea) have been involved in achieving ...

Internation comparisons of average national incomes omit important information about leisure, home production, health, etc. They are also bedevilled by index number problems. This paper suggests ways of combining working hours and life-expectancy with income comparisons, and shows that the fixed-price indexes of real income, such as those in the Penn World Table, substantially understate the in...

The estimation of low income proportions plays an important role in comparisons of poverty in different countries. In most countries, the stability of the society and the development of economics depend on the estimation of low income proportions. An accurate estimation of a low income proportion has a crucial role for the development of the natural economy and the improvement of people’s livin...

Internation comparisons of average national incomes omit important information about leisure, home production, health, etc. They are also bedevilled by index number problems. This paper suggests ways of combining working hours and life-expectancy with income comparisons, and shows that the fixed-price indexes of real income, such as those in the Penn World Table, substantially understate the in...

BEA is studying proposals to change the treatment of insurance services in the national accounts. There are 5 proposed changes: investment income will be added as a supplement to the premiums paid by policyholders; investment income is to include interest, dividends and capital gains; a measure of expected investment income will be incorporated; a measure of expected claims will be incorporated...