Intraspecific acoustic communication requires filtering processes and feature detectors in the auditory pathway of the receiver for the recognition of species-specific signals. Insects like acoustically communicating crickets allow describing and analysing the mechanisms underlying auditory processing at the behavioral and neural level. Female crickets approach male calling song, their phonotac...

Meiotic double-strand break (DSB)-initiated recombination must occur between homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes ("homolog bias"), even though sister chromatids are present. Through physical recombination analyses, we show that sister cohesion, normally mediated by meiotic cohesin Rec8, promotes "sister bias"; that meiosis-specific axis components Red1/Mek1kinase counteract this effect...

While the proposal that large-scale genome expansions occurred early in vertebrate evolution is widely accepted, the exact mechanisms of the expansion--such as a single or multiple rounds of whole genome duplication, bloc chromosome duplications, large-scale individual gene duplications, or some combination of these--is unclear. Gene families with a single invertebrate member but four vertebrat...

Aims: It was aimed to investigate postoperative conformal radiotherapy planning that provides the best target volume and the least dose for critical organs in cancers of stomach. Methods: This study was conducted on the CT simulation images of thirty patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Target volumes and the organs at risk were contoured. AP-PA reciprocal parallel field conventional plan an...

Crossovers ensure proper chromosome segregation in meiosis. A heterodimer of MutS proteins, hMSH4-hMSH5, has recently been found to interact with recombination intermediates in a manner that suggests a mechanism for directing meiotic DNA double strand break repair towards a crossover pathway.

Let be a closed oriented contour on the Riemann sphere. Let E and F be polynomials of degree n + 1, with zeros respectively on the positive and negative sides of . We compute the [n=n] and [n 1=n] Padé denominator at 1 to f (z) = Z 1 z t dt E (t)F (t) : As a consequence, we compute the nth orthogonal polynomial for the weight 1= (EF ). In particular, when is the unit circle, this leads to an ex...

Meiotic recombination generates gene conversion and crossover events that are distributed heterogeneously in the genome. Studies in yeast show that initiation of recombination, which occurs by the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, determines the distribution of gene conversion and crossover events that take place in nearby intervals. Recent data in humans and mice also indicate the presenc...

We examine sequences of polynomials with {+1,−1} coefficients constructed using the iterations p(x) → p(x) ± xd+1p∗(−x), where d is the degree of p and p∗ is the reciprocal polynomial of p. If p0 = 1 these generate the Rudin-Shapiro polynomials. We show that the L4 norm of these polynomials is explicitly computable. We are particularly interested in the case where the iteration produces sequenc...