Ascorbate (vitamin C) recycling occurs when extracellular ascorbate is oxidized, transported as dehydroascorbic acid, and reduced intracellularly to ascorbate. We investigated microorganism induction of ascorbate recycling in human neutrophils and in microorganisms themselves. Ascorbate recycling was determined by measuring intracellular ascorbate accumulation. Ascorbate recycling in neutrophil...

A recycling object is in its recycle chain and its status may often change according to recycling stage or reusing status; even its structure could often dynamically change according to its reusing demand. Capturing the structure of recycling objects with a single uniform schema definition is hard and the conventional database management system would be inadequate to deal with this situation. M...

As the move towards recycling societies seems to be a more or less global trend, there is a need for a better understanding of success and failures factors for recycling activities. Big differences between recycling programs within a country, even within a city, highlight the importance of local conditions and appropriate design and logistics of recycling activities. But although recycling seem...

The current paper summarizes the results of a study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of design for recycling strategies for plastic components. Interviews and site visits were conducted with computer disassemblers and plastics recyclers based in the United States and Europe to investigate the effectiveness of design for recycling guidelines. Both manual and automated recycling technologies ...

Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste streamreduction alternativessuch as household recycling. Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate t...

This paper outlines current research on the performance of recycling processes and systems. Several aspects of performance are explored, including the separation performance and energy use of recycling processes. Descriptive terminology for separation performance is presented. The goal of this project is to develop a basic understanding of the factors affecting the separation and energy perform...

Recycling economy is a kind of economy that melts clean production and the comprehensive utilization of waste. Its nature is a kind of ecological economy. Ecological economy is a kind of economy of sustainable development. It emphasizes the co-adaptation and mutual promoting and coordination of recycling economy and ecological economy. By analyzing the difference and relation of recycling econo...

New charge-recycling structure and driving scheme for TFT-LCD source-driver IC application are proposed. The number of additional switches for the charge recycling is greatly reduced. An experimental prototype 6-bit source driver with five-level sevenphase charge recycling implemented in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology demonstrates that the quiescent current is only 3.1 mA, dynamic power saving is 75...

Introduction This fact sheet is part of a series highlighting different recyclable commodities. According to www.dictionary.com, a commodity is as “an article of trade or commerce; something of use, advantage, or value; any unprocessed or partially processed good.” When a product is recycled, the original commodity material becomes new products. The recyclable commodity fact sheet series is des...

Endocytosed cell surface membrane proteins rely on recycling pathways for their return to the plasma membrane. Although endosome-to-plasma membrane recycling is critical for many cellular processes, much of the required machinery is unknown. We discovered that yeast has a recycling route from endosomes to the cell surface that functions efficiently after inactivation of the sec7-1 allele of Sec...