Despite the importance of maintaining redox homeostasis for cellular viability, how cells control redox balance globally is poorly understood. Here we provide new mechanistic insight into how the balance between reduced and oxidized electron carriers is regulated at the level of gene expression by mapping the regulon of the response regulator ArcA from Escherichia coli, which responds to the qu...

Apoptosis plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Dietary oxidants like peroxidized lipids could perturb cellular redox status and disrupt mucosal turnover. The objective of this study was to delineate the role of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) -induced redox shifts in intestinal apoptosis using the human colonic CaCo-2 cell. We found that subtoxic concentrati...

The major thiol redox buffer glutathione (l-gamma-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is central to cell fate determination, and thus, associated metabolic and regulatory pathways are exquisitely sensitive to a wide range of environmental cues. An imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis has emerged as a pathologic hallmark of a diverse range of human gene-environment disorders. Despite the centra...

In the absence of oxygen human life is measured in minutes. In the presence of oxygen, normal metabolism generates reactive species (ROS) that have the potential to cause cell injury contributing to human aging and disease. Between these extremes, organisms have developed means for sensing oxygen and ROS and regulating their cellular processes in response. Redox signaling contributes to the con...

Background Redox regulation system protects our body from oxidative stress-injury and keeps redox homeostasis. The hydrogen molecules (H2) exist as stable gas in the ordinal temperature and atmosphere. Recent study reports H2 improve ischemia-reperfusion injury, glaucoma, Parkinson’s disease and atherosclerosis of animal models. It is supposed from these improvement results that H2 participate ...

Only recently we can link thermogenesis, mitochondria, nitric oxide, and redox regulation in biochemical terms. Currently, we are discussing these processes from the aspect of fundamental principles of molecular physiology. Thus, the present article highlights both cell physiology and the principles of the maintenance of energy homeostasis in organisms. Energy homeostasis means much more than s...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved protective and detoxification mechanisms to maintain cytoplasmic redox balance in response to exogenous oxidative stress encountered inside host phagocytes. In contrast, little is known about the dynamic response of this pathogen to endogenous oxidative stress generated within Mtb. Using a noninvasive and specific biosensor of cytoplasmic redox state...

Low atomicity clusters present properties dependent on the size, due to quantum confinement, with well-defined electronic structures and high stability. Here it is shown that Ag5 catalyze complete oxidation of sulfur S+6. catalytic activity increases different oxidant species in order O2 ? H2O2 < OH•. Selective thiols cysteine residues glutathione thioredoxin primary mechanism human cells have ...

The transcription factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1), binds to cognate DNA under redox control; yet, the underlying mechanism has remained enigmatic. A series of crystal structures of the AP-1 FosB/JunD bZIP domains reveal ordered DNA-binding regions in both FosB and JunD even in absence DNA. However, while JunD is competent to bind DNA, the FosB bZIP domain must undergo a large conformational ...

Climate change as a result of increasing atmospheric CO2 affects plant growth and productivity. CO2 is not only a carbon donor for photosynthesis but also an environmental signal that can perturb cellular redox homeostasis and lead to modifications of redox-sensitive proteins. Although redox regulation of protein functions has emerged as an important mechanism in several biological processes, p...