Aggregation of individual wavelengths into wavebands for their subsequent switching and routing as a single group is an attractive way for scalable and cost-efficient optical networks. We analyze the implications of this waveband hierarchy for a single optical node by analyzing two issues: the proper selection of waveband sizes and the assignment of wavebands for a limited set of input-output p...

Abstract Shengdong coal was single-step and multi-step pyrolyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the pyrolysis process, Mono-ring aromatics contents reach a maximum value at 800°C, while phenolic are significantly reduced, which might be attributed to dehydroxylation of phenolics. Naphthalene content also reaches 800°C in process; however, naphthalene not detected process....

In this paper, a micro electromagnetic harmonic drive system is proposed. Considering Van der Waals force, dynamics equation of the flexible ring for deduced and resolved. Using equations, effects molecule force on natural frequencies vibration modes are investigated. Results show that considering reduced its changed. For lower order modes, smaller clearance between stator, thickness larger rad...

Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity. A ring $R$ is called reversible if $ab=0$, then $ba=0$ for $a,bin R$. The quasi-zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma^*(R)$ is an undirected graph with all nonzero zero-divisors of $R$ as vertex set and two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if there exists $0neq rin R setminus (mathrm{ann}(x) cup mathrm{ann}(y))$ such tha...

Let $R$ be a commutative unital ring, $a\in R$ and $t$ positive integer. $a^{t}$-reduced $R$-modules universally are defined their properties given. Known (resp. new) results about reduced retrieved obtained) by taking $t=1$ rings deduced.

Transportation of heavy oil by the so-called water-ring technique is a very promising method which pressure drop and pollution can be significantly reduced. Dedicated experiments have been carried out changing phase’s density, viscosity, velocity interfacial tension to systematically analyze characteristics water ring. On basis such experimental data, mathematical model for prediction has intro...

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), technologies are presented as solutions to manufacturing organizations, which need to perform well in all customer-related dimensions simultaneously. In the literature, CIM technologies providing such benefits as more frequent production changes, reduced inventory level, improved ability of producing complex parts with a high degree of accuracy and repea...

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM), technologies are presented as solutions to manufacturing organizations, which need to perform well in all customer-related dimensions simultaneously. In the literature, CIM technologies providing such benefits as more frequent production changes, reduced inventory level, improved ability of producing complex parts with a high degree of accuracy and repea...

Through their communications mix, firms make decisions that have implications for the ease with which consumers can search for product information. A common intuition is that firms would like to make information easily available to consumers, but choose not to because facilitating consumer search is costly to them. The main result of this paper counters this intuition – firms may not want to ma...

We consider two non-interacting systems embedded in a heat bath. If they remain dynamically independent, physical inconsistencies are avoided only if the single-system reduced dynamics is completely positive also beyond the weak-coupling limit.