Abstract Cylinder deactivation is well-known in spark-ignited (SI) engines and compression-ignited (CI) engines. The major reason why the efficiency of these decreased at part load due to flow restriction intake system caused by partially closing throttle valves, which causes increased pumping losses. In order resolve this issue, cylinder can be implemented SI with four cylinders developing a s...

the limitation of energy resources and its considerable consumption growth in iran has doubled the necessity of optimization and conservation of energy in the country compared to the average consumption rate of energy in the world and also because of high consumption rate's adverse effects in the environment. heating systems are among the main consumers of energy and using a high efficienc...

introduction energy is one of the most important commodities that make up a large proportion of international trade. among all the countries in the world, iran is known as semi-industrial developing country which is rich in energy such as non-renewable energy in particular fossil fuel. use of energy affects the environment in various forms of pollution. in the agricultural sector, the fao repor...

The significant consumption of gas in the World results in the emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere. Abadan refinery has always been the biggest and oldest oil refinery in the Middle East and has a variety of refined products. After six months of collecting data about pollutant concentration emitted from a stack of old furnaces of units 75 and new unit 200, the emission factor of the po...

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum intake valve closing time of a large diesel engine having lower fuel consumption and lower NOx emission. The performance simulation has been conducted for this purpose, and a phenomenological combustion model is verified by experimental data of heat release rate and NOx emission in order to enhance the prediction quality of the performance s...

The future of US transport energy requirements and emissions is uncertain. Transport policy research has explored a number of scenarios to better understand the future characteristics of US light-duty vehicles. Deterministic scenario analysis is, however, unable to identify the impact of uncertainty on the future US vehicle fleet emissions and energy use. Variables determining the future fleet ...

The future of U.S. transport energy requirements and emissions is uncertain. Transport policy research has explored a number of scenarios to better understand the future characteristics of U.S. light-duty vehicles. Deterministic scenario analysis is, however, unable to identify the impact of uncertainty on the future U.S. vehicle fleet emissions and energy use. Variables determining the future ...