The goal of achieving powerful problem solving capabilities leads to the “advice taker” form of program and the associated problem of control. This proposal outlines an approach to this problem based on the construction of problem solvers with advanced self-knowledge and introspection capabilities. 1 The Problem of Control Self-reverence, self-knowledge, self-control, These three alone lead lif...

BACKGROUND Cough reflex testing is a validated tool for identifying patients at risk of silent aspiration. However, inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of perceptual judgements of cough strength are sub-optimal. Although there are clinically established methods for measuring volitional cough strength, no similar methods are identified for reflexive cough strength. This study evaluated three me...

The gender information in written Chinese third person pronouns is not symmetrically encoded: the character for "he" (, with semantic radical , meaning human) is used as a default referring to every individual, while the character for "she" (, with semantic radical , meaning woman) indicates females only. This critical feature could result in different patterns of processing of gender informati...

 For a Banach algebra $fA$, we introduce ~$c.c(fA)$, the set of all $phiin fA^*$ such that $theta_phi:fAto  fA^*$ is a completely continuous operator, where $theta_phi$ is defined by $theta_phi(a)=acdotphi$~~ for all $ain fA$. We call $fA$, a completely continuous Banach algebra if $c.c(fA)=fA^*$. We give some examples of completely continuous Banach algebras and a sufficient condition for an o...

A1X = C1, A1X = C1, XB3 = C3, A2X = 62, to have bisymmetric solutions, and the system A1X = Ca, A3X B3 = C3, to have centrosymmetric solutions. The expressions of such solutions of the matrix and the systems mentioned above are also given. Moreover a criterion for a quaternion matrix to be bisymmetric is established and some auxiliary results on other sets over H are also mentioned. ~) 2005 Els...

Behavioral dynamics of living species is characterized by additonal nonNewtonian properties which are not included in the laws of Newtonian or statistical mechanics. These properties follow from a priviledged ability of living systems to process information, namely, to generate a force in response to an external cue. In this paper “free-will-based” forces will be incorporated into the neurodyna...

The dynamic interplay between reflexive and controlled determinants of behavior is one of the most general organizing principles of brain function. A powerful analogue of this interplay is seen in the antisaccade task, which pits reflexive and willed saccadic mechanisms against one another. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain showed greater prestimulus prepara...

We present the beginnings of an account of how representations and processes developed for the purposes of reflective reasoning provide a basis for reflexive reasoning as well. Specifically, we show how the symbolic-connectionist representations that underlie the DORA model (Doumas & Hummel, 2005), and the comparison based routines that DORA exploits in the service of addressing reflective prob...

The article discusses the definition of reflection as an activity and examines main factors that determine kinds reflection. According to author article, can be defined by following formula: direction attention EXPERIENCE for “detection” its FORMS their fixation means certain SEMIOTIC TOOLS carried out sake achieving some PURPOSE. In this formulation, terms “experience”, “form”, “semiotic tools...