A knowledge of the optic disc size may be of value when assessing the glaucoma suspect. The vertical diameter of the optic disc was measured using a Zeiss four mirror gonioscope and a 900 Haag-Streit slit-lamp in one eye of 39 patients, 32 with refractive errors within 3 dioptres of emmetropia. The disc was measured by projecting a slit beam of known height onto the image of the disc. A magnifi...

We assessed the repeatability and validity of the PowerRefractor and the Nidek AR-600A autorefractor. This is the first independent study conducted on adults to evaluate the performance of these instruments in a laboratory setting. Fifty subjects (23 males and 27 females) aged 16 to 61 years (mean, 37 +/- 12) participated in the study. The validity of the PowerRefractor and the Nidek autorefrac...

There are 12.8 million children worldwide who are visually impaired due to uncorrected refractive error (URE)1, the leading cause of visual impairment among children wherever the problem has been studied.2 Half of these children live in China1, where the total number with URE may reach 100 million by 2020.3 The prevalence of myopia, the most common refractive error, is growing rapidly in childr...

BACKGROUND 214 orthoptists' infants have been followed for up to 15 years, relating neonatal misalignment (NMs) and first convergence onset to later childhood ocular abnormalities. NMs are shown in a companion paper to reflect the onset of first convergence, but if frequent or absent may predict a higher risk of refractive error and esodeviation. METHODS In a prospective postal survey, orthop...

Microfluctuations of accommodation have been the subject of many studies. New technological developments now permit us to study the dynamics of the microfluctuations with unprecedented resolution and accuracy. We aim to characterise their temporal statistics for different levels of accommodative effort, using a custom-built aberrometer. We conducted 46 s long measurements on the dominant eye of...

Purpose To investigate the prevalence and related factors for myopia in school-aged children in the Economic and Technological Development Zone of Qingdao, Eastern China. Methods A total of 4890 (aged 10 to 15 years) students were initially enrolled in this study. 3753 (76.75%) students with completed refractive error and questionnaire data were analyzed. The children underwent a comprehensiv...

INTRODUCTION Pseudostrabismus is a common diagnosis in a busy pediatric ophthalmology practice. This purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of true strabismus in patients previously diagnosed with pseudostrabismus, to determine risk factors, and to examine the sensory outcome. METHODS This is a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with pseudo-strabismus and with at least ...

We try to improve the accuracy of eccentric photorefraction by taking more information into account than just the size and tilt of the crescent. Based on Gaussian optics and the assumption of an isotropic scattering retina, a theoretical analysis of the light-intensity distribution in the pupils of astigmatic eyes is presented. The method is applied to different photorefractor setups (point lig...

PURPOSE To report refractive and surgical outcomes in a cohort of children with accommodative esotropia. DESIGN Retrospective population-based cohort. PARTICIPANTS All pediatric patients (<19 years) diagnosed with accommodative esotropia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1975, to December 31, 1994. METHODS Medical records identified by the Rochester Epidemiology Project were r...