The refractive index distribution of cells and tissues governs their interaction with light and can report on morphological modifications associated with disease. Through intensity-based measurements, refractive index information can be extracted only via scattering models that approximate light propagation. As a result, current knowledge of refractive index distributions across various tissues...

Determination of the refractive index of liquids by the interference microscope was made possible by the use of a specially constructed holder for the liquid. This ensures a permanent lateral separation between the reference and the object areas and, as the depth of the object area is continuously increasing, a system of fringes is observed. The spacing of the fringes is a function of the refra...

ABSTRACT. A novel and accurate refractive index profile synthesis method for optical fibres is developed using knowledge of the fundamental or higher order mode near field. This fundamental method is based on inverse transmission line principles. From Maxwell’s equations, we derive a transmission line equivalent circuit for a circularly symmetric optical fibre with arbitrary refractive index. W...

Optical interference filters utilizing tunable refractive index layers are shown to have higher spectral fidelity as compared to conventional filters consisting of non-tunable refractive index layers. To demonstrate this increase in spectral fidelity, we design and compare a variety of optical interference filters employing both tunable and non-tunable refractive index layers. Additionally, a f...

Refractive index control of benzocyclobutene (BCB 4024-40) is achieved by facilitating different conditions during the thermal curing of BCB film. Refractive index (RI) change of 1.49% is obtained with curing of BCB film using an oven, while the RI change is 0.1% when the BCB is cured using a hotplate. The two different curing methods exhibit a temperature dependent refractive index change of t...

We compare the radiative transfer equation for media with constant refractive index with the radiative transfer equation for media with spatially varying refractive indices [J. Opt. A Pure App. Opt. 1, L1 (1999)] and obtain approximate conditions under which the former equation is accurate for modeling light propagation in scattering media with spatially varying refractive indices. These condit...

A fabrication technique for producing lightinduced self-written (LISW) waveguides for large-core optical fibers is proposed. The proposed technique employs a photopolymerizable resin consisting of two kinds of photopolymerizable monomers that differ from each other in terms of both refractive index and polymerization mechanism. The core portion is formed by virtue of a self-trapping effect, in ...

in this paper a novel all-optical logic nand, nor and xor gate based on nonlinear directional coupler theory is demonstrated. we use the identical structure which contains three waveguides, for designing these gates; the only difference however, is the power of inputs light beam. in other words, while a beam with 4 w/μm in power considered as logical one, the output is nand gate and if a beam w...

In this paper; the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a porous silica film was studied. The effect of the thickness and porosity of the porous silica film on the performance of the sensor was analyzed. The results indicated that the figure of merit (FOM) of an SPR sensor can be enhanced by using a porous silica film with a low-refractive-index. Particularly; the FOM of an SPR sensor wi...