To cope with the climate issue, China has clearly stated goal of carbon peaking and neutrality. Most refrigerants currently used are HCFCs HFCs refrigerants. These have high COP GWP values can cause a severe impact on environment. Ammonia refrigerant is an environmentally friendly natural refrigerant, ODP value zero, cost low, significant environmental operational advantages, large unit cooling...

The Skokomish salmon processing plant was built to provide a more efficient system for handling fish from the Indian commercial fishery on the Skokomish River. It is located on the Olympic Peninsula near the mouth of the Skokomish River about 45 miles southwest of Seattle, Washington (Figure 1). processing plant was designed in 1971, constructed in 1972, and has been in operation since December...

hydrogen is an unusual substance in that its molecule exists in two forms, known as ortho and para, with markedly different properties. energy level of the ortho molecule is higher than para, therefore, the latter is employed for industrial purposes. consequently, for a high  conversion of  ortho to para hydrogen a catalyst reactor must be employed.  therefore, one of  the main objectives of th...

Exchange bias effect observed in the Ni1.68Co0.32Mn1.20Ga0.80 alloy confirms the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic phases in the martensite phase. A large inverse magnetocaloric effect has been observed within the martensitic transformation temperature range, which is originated from modified magnetic order through magnetic-field-induced phase transformation from partially anti...

This article presents the magnetic refrigeration technology that is based on magnetocaloric effect, heating or cooling of a material when applied field changes. The first part paper shows an introductory study evolution this over years, continuing with presentation regenerator model, which composed two heat exchangers parallel plates material, gadolinium and are separated by transfer agent flow...

The main methods of screw compressor capacity control are shaft speed variation, suction throttling and variation of the suction volume. These have been analysed and are compared by the use of a standard mathematical model which has been adapted for this purpose. The analysis is based on a .screw compres.sor with 5/6 and 5/7 '' N" rotor profiles for air and refrigeration compre.ssors. The resul...

In this paper, thermophysical analyses were achieved for the mixture of (Fe3O4-acetone/ZnBr2) refrigeration working solution and examine its efficiency characteristics as a nanoferrofluid use in absorption applications driven by different low temperatures sources. Where it shows an investigation chosen containing preparation, stability, structure, properties. The reasons behind choosing Fe3O4 n...

Evaporative air cooling is an effective and environmentally benign method of cooling. Scientific evidence demonstrating that chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants (CFCs) are contributing to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer have prompted legislative action aimed at reducing the production and use of certain CFCs. Enacted legislation, by necessitating the introduction and use of alterna...

Micro-scale devices based on the Stirling cycle are an attractive choice for chipand board-level electronics. A new Stirling cycle micro-refrigeration system composed of arrays of silicon MEMS cooling elements has been designed. COMSOL is used to evaluate the thermal performance of the system. Simulation of compressible flow and heat transfer with a large deformed mesh has been successfully imp...

A small refrigeration plant, for teaching refrigeration theory, used a control console built to traditional design guidelines: one output in the display for each sensor in the plant. This style of console is notorious for inducing high cognitive loads on operators and for displaying redundant data. Often the high cognitive load is the result of inconsistency between the intent for displaying th...