Surabaya Metropolitan Area (SMA) comprising Gerbangkertosusila Region in East Java is the prime driver for regional economic activity at provincial and national scales. However, increasing growth has insignificantly contributed to environmental sustainability as shown by ecological deficit. A suitable scenario should be formulated within this region during development. In general, carrying capa...

Water vapor is a dominant greenhouse gas. It significantly impacts the atmosphere by trapping heat and infrared radiation. The effect essential for life on Earth but can also be harmful. Although amount of water in not much during cycle, it most active element rapid changes both spatial temporal domains. GNSS tomography’s ability to model high-resolution 3D distribution promising means measurin...

The ionospheric D-region affects propagation of electromagnetic waves including ground-based signals and satellite during its intensive disturbances. Consequently, the modeling in is important many technological domains. One sources uncertainty disturbed poor knowledge parameters quiet state at considered location time period. We present Quiet Ionospheric D-Region (QIonDR) model based on data c...

ABSTRACT- This study aims to model optimal cultivation pattern based on the maximization of importing virtual water and social net income of major crops in Marvdasht, Iran. For this purpose, a linear programming model was developed considering constraints of virtual water and land limitations followed by other models to include employment restrictions. Based on the findings, wheat and tomato we...

Parachor based expressions (basic and mechanistic) are often used to model the experimentally observed pressure dependence of interfacial tension (IFT) behaviors of complex supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and crude oil mixtures at elevated temperatures. However, such modeling requires various input data (e.g. compositions and densities of the equilibrium liquid and vapor phases, and molec...

combating desertification which is a serious threat for the environment and human welfare requires understanding complex issues of this phenomenon using evaluation, awareness of severity of it's processes and determination of it's factors. so here, after recognizing the characteristics of the region showing existence desertification, we assess its current status with emphasis on clima...