Cytokines regulate important cellular responses through signal transduction pathways. The computer modeling is a useful method to understand dynamic characteristics or regulatory mechanisms of signal transduction pathways. The ultrasensitivity of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade was shown by the simulation study [2]. Many cytokine receptors transduce signals by receptor bound JAK ki...

Cells selectively respond to external stimuli to maintain cellular homeostasis by making use of different regulatory mechanisms. We studied two classes of signal-dependent regulatory inhibition and activation mechanisms in this study. Inhibition mechanisms assume that inhibition can occur in two different ways: either by increasing the degradation rate or decreasing the production rate. Similar...

Notch and its ligands mediate short-range cell interactions that play a conserved role in inducing cell fate specification. Several regulatory mechanisms have been described to ensure robust polarized signaling from signal-sending to signal-receiving cells. High levels of ligand expression activate Notch in nearby cells and exert a cell-autonomous dominant-negative effect on Notch activity. Thi...

the present study aimed to explore (a) if there is any relationship between efl teachers’ self-regulatory and their resiliency, (b) if there is any relationship between efl teachers’ self-regulatory and their genders, and (c) if there is any relationship between efl teachers’ self-regulatory and years of teaching experience. through a convenience method of sampling, the first group of participa...

conclusions based on the presence of ta systems in the majority of p. aeruginosa isolates, these could be used as a novel target for antimicrobial therapy. results our results showed that in the 174 p. aeruginosa isolates, relbe and higba were universal, but parde was less prevalent. both of the flanking regions of the parde genes in all positive isolates were amplified. the flanking regions of...

We have previously shown that HL-60 cells treated with 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 in magnesium-deficient medium are committed to differentiate but do not express differentiation-related phenotypes. In the present study, we demonstrated that Mg2+ deprivation blocked the process of differentiation before the induction of lysozyme mRNA and that the process of HL-60 cell differentiation could be divided i...