AIMS To assess the diagnostic accuracy of combined transmitral E wave velocity and reversed systolic pulmonary venous flow for the quantification of mitral regurgitation severity. METHODS AND RESULTS Measuring forward and total left ventricular stroke volume, mitral regurgitation severity was assessed quantitatively by calculating the regurgitant fraction in 106 consecutive patients with pure...

INTRODUCTION Ischemic mitral regurgitation can be defined as moderate to severe mitral leak precipitated by acute myocardial infarction. Valve repair is now the procedure of choice, but some cases can pose difficult anatomy. This review will illustrate current techniques for repairing complex ischemic mitral regurgitation. METHODS Most patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation have predomin...

"Contrast echocardiography", utilizing a two-dimensional ultrasound system and peripheral venous injections, was used for the detection of tricuspid regurgitation in 30 patients. The appearance of contrast in the inferior vena cava and the back and forth movement of contrast across the tricuspid valve were considered evidence for tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiographic findings were correlat...

BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation in people without prior cardiac disease is considered a degenerative disease with no established risk factors for its prevention. We aimed to test the hypothesis that elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) across its usual spectrum is associated with higher risk of mitral regurgitation. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used linked electronic health records from the Unit...

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most common valvular heart disease in terms of prevalence and frequency indications for cardiac surgery. Severe MR characterized by a significant decrease exercise tolerance high mortality. The cause organic degenerative diseases. A detailed systematic assessment mitral valve mechanisms critical management these patients, planning type timing surgical int...

background and objectives: gastroesophageal reflux is a common chronic disease that impairs individuals’ quality of life, wherein patients should receive prolonged, and sometimes lifelong, treatment with chemical drugs, that in addition to high costs they can lead to side effects in the long term .hawthorn fruit is one of the drugs used in traditional medicine to relieve reflux symptoms and to ...

conclusions there is a significant increased incidence of mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and rehospitalization in symptomatic patients with severe tr. therefore, we recommend more aggressive approach toward tv repair or replacement in these patients regardless of pap and systolic function. results heart failure (50%) was the most cause of death. mean years of survival from diagnosis of s...

a2-year-old cachectic cross-breed gelding was admitted toveterinary teaching hospital of university of tehran followingthe onset of a marked respiratory distress, coughing and ventraledema. clinical examinations indicated harsh respiratory andexpiratory sounds as well as jugular vein distention. therespiratory and heart rates were 35/min and 60 bpm, respectively.agrade iii/iv pansystolic murmur...

Objective: To evaluate LV papillary muscles (PM) function using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to determine the relationship between PM function and mitral regurgitation in patients with normal left ventricular systolic function. Design: TEE examinations were prospectively performed. End diastolic and end systolic PM lengths were obtained from the transgastric long axis views and f...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary regurgitation frequently occurs after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. To date, reliable quantitation of pulmonary regurgitation has not been possible, and therefore the clinical significance of pulmonary regurgitation is controversial. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) velocity mapping allows accurate measurement of volumetric flow. The feasibility and accuracy o...