We show that the inflaton condensate associated with a global symmetry can fragment into quasi stable Q balls after the end of inflation, provided the inflaton oscillations give rise to an effective equation of state with negative pressure. We argue that chaotic inflation with a running inflaton mass may give rise to the desired scenario where the process of fragmentation into inflatonic Q ball...

We consider the possibility that the dark energy responsible for inflation is deposited into extra dimensions outside of our observable Universe. Reheating and all matter can then be obtained from the minimal supersymmetric standard model flat direction condensate involving the Higgs bosons Hu and Hd, which acquires large amplitude by virtue of quantum fluctuations during inflation. The reheat ...

1550-7998=20 We discuss gravitino production from reheating in models where the splitting between particle and sparticle masses can be larger than TeV, as naturally arising in the context of split supersymmetry. We show that such a production typically dominates over thermal contributions arising from the interactions of gauginos, squarks and sleptons. We constrain the supersymmetry breaking sc...

A steam turbine, heart of all refineries. This work presents the mathematical modelling of the steam turbine unit in isolated operating condition, based on the continuity equation including servomotor for actuation purpose. Steam turbine should run at a constant speed for its safe operation and frequency stability. Adaptation of different controller like Feedback, PI, PID using certain adaptati...

This paper proposes a novel Artificial Intelligence technique known as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for optimal tuning of PID controllers for load frequency control. The design algorithm is applied to a hydrothermal power system consisting of two control areas one hydro and the other is thermal with reheat stage. To make the system in realistic form, the system nonlinearities represented by Ge...

It is shown that gravitinos with mass m3/2 ∼ 0.1−1MeV may provide suitable cold dark matter candidates in scenarios of gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) under SO(10) grand unification coupled to supergravity, which accommodate a messenger sector of mass scaleMX ∼ 10GeV. This is due to the combined effects of renormalizable loop-suppressed operators and generic non-renormalizable ones...

We point out that inflaton decays can be a copious source of stable or long-lived particles chi with mass exceeding the reheat temperature T(R) but less than half the inflaton mass. Once higher order processes are included, this statement is true for any chi particle with renormalizable (gauge or Yukawa) interactions. This contribution to the chi density often exceeds the contribution from ther...