Today, plate tectonics is the dominant tectonic style on Earth, but in a hotter Earth tectonics may have looked different due to the presence of more melting and associated compositional buoyancy as well as the presence of a weaker mantle and lithosphere. Here we review the geodynamic constraints on plate tectonics and proposed alternatives throughout Earth’s history. Observations suggest a 100...

We present a velocity and strain rate model for the northern Walker Lane derived from a compilation of geodetic velocities and corrected for transient effects owing to historic earthquakes on the Central Nevada seismic belt. We fi nd that from 37°N to 40°N, the Walker Lane is characterized by an ~100-km-wide zone with near-constant strain rates associated with ~10 mm yr total motion across the ...

Summary In the current plate tectonics paradigm, relative motions are assumed to remain unperturbed by temporal stress changes occurring during seismic cycle, whereby slowly built up along tectonic boundaries is suddenly released rapid fault slip earthquakes. However, direct observations that could challenge such a tenet have not been identified so far. Here we show rigid motion of whole Anatol...

Kosovo is located in a key position the central-west part of Balkans providing an opportunity to understand far-field effects distributed intracontinental deformation caused by Aegean extension south and Adriatic compression west. It also situated along NE-SW trending Shkodër-Pejë transverse zone, where Dinarides Albanides-Hellenides orogenic belts are juxtaposed. While instrumental seismicity ...

Active learning has been extensively studied and shown to be useful in solving real problems. The typical setting of traditional active learning methods is querying labels from an oracle. This is only possible if an expert exists, which may not be the case in many real world applications. In this paper, we focus on designing easier questions that can be answered by a non-expert. These questions...