We derive the relative entropy between two Markov transition rate matrices from sample path considerations. This relative entropy is interpreted as a \level 2.5" large deviations action functional. That is, the level two large deviations action functional for empirical distributions of continuous-time Markov chains can be derived from the relative entropy using the contraction mapping principle...

Fusion of the information provided by distributed sensors is important in the future pervasive computing systems. The objective of this paper is to quantify the relative amount of information delivered by individual sensors in a distributed sensor system. To formalize our approach, we consider the problem of fusing the statistical information obtained using low-rate sensor recordings viðnÞ in o...

A new method is presented for the reconstruction of the radiocarbon production rate from the measured relative abundance of ∆14C. The method treats the carbon cycle as a linear Fourier filter and thus allows for the correct and unambiguous inversion of the carbon cycle. The 14C production rate, as reconstructed by the Fourier filter method, agrees with the results obtained by the traditional it...

This paper presents two investigations into articulation rate, or the distribution of segmental duration, in a Finnish language speech corpus. The first study, rank ordering of short utterances according to their component words’ articulation rate, reveals that 75 % or more of Finnish utterances can be expected show some level of final lengthening. Also initial shortening, or accelerated speaki...

• Relative price trends over the product life require targeting a positive inflation rate The optimal for France, Germany and Italy ranges between 1.1%-1.7% Targeting instead zero of implies significant welfare costs Using micro data underlying consumer index, we estimate relative cycle in Italy. Minimizing consequences distortions presence these requires significantly rate: steady-state jointl...

in the mitochondria. The amount produced depends on the rate of metabolism and the relative amounts of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolized.Theamount isabout200mlmin 1 when at rest and eating amixeddiet; this utilises 80% of the oxygen consumed, giving a respiratory quotient of 0.8 (respiratory quotient 1⁄4 rate of carbon dioxide production divided by rate of oxygen consumption). A carbohy...

If the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) concentration in the atmosphere changes in the future, as predicted, it could influence crops and insect pests. The growth and development of the tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), reared on peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) foliage grown under elevated CO(2) (550 ppm and 700 ppm) concentrations in open top chambers at Central Re...