Pulmonary arterial tree structures related to blood flow heterogeneity were simulated by using a symmetrical, bifurcating model in three-dimensional space. The branch angle (Theta), daughter-parent length ratio (rL), branch rotation angle (phi), and branch fraction of parent flow (gamma) for a single bifurcation were defined and repeated sequentially through 11 generations. With phi fixed at 90...

This study was conducted to determine length-weight and length-length relationships, relative condition factor (Krel) and Fulton?s condition factor (K) for five species including Scardinius erythrophtalmus, Carassius auratus gibelio, Cyprinus carpio, Tinca tinca and Hemiculter leucisculus belonging to Cyprinidae family. Fish sampling was carried out by gill net and fyke net in the western regio...

A loss of expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 2 IHb (FGFR2IIIb), which responds to stroma-derived FGF, accompanies pro gression of premalignant androgen-responsive rat prostate tumor epithe lial cells to the malignant phenotype. Concurrently, the level of FGFR2 gene expression is reduced and lost altogether in over 30% of cells, whereas all malignant cells abnormally express F...

Many multiagent problems comprise subtasks which can be considered as reinforcement learning (RL) problems. In addition to classical temporal difference methods, evolutionary algorithms are among the most promising approaches for such RL problems. The relative performance of these approaches in certain subdomains (e. g. multiagent learning) of the general RL problem remains an open question at ...

Constitutive heterochromatic regions of chromosomes are those that remain condensed through most or all of the cell cycle. In Drosophila melanogaster, the constitutive heterochromatic regions, located around the centromere, contain a number of gene loci, but at a much lower density than euchromatin. In the autosomal heterochromatin, the gene loci appear to be unique sequence genes interspersed ...

1 Governing Equations for RBC and DPD Models The membrane model consists of points {rn, n ∈ 1..N} which are the vertices of surface triangulation (Figure S1). The area of triangle α ∈ 1..Π formed by vertices (l, m, n) is given by Aα = |(rm − rl)× (rn − rl)|/2. The length of the link i ∈ 1..S connecting vertices m and n is given by Li = |rm − rn|. The in-plane free energy of the membrane Fin-pla...

The length- length (LLRs), length-weight (LWR) relationships and relative condition factor (Kn) of 505 specimens of pike, (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1798) from Anzali Wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea, were studied from April 2012 through March 2013. The length-length relationships among total length (TL), fork length (FL) and standard length (SL) for pike were found to be highly significan...