When Muslims thought of establishing milk banks, religious reservations were raised. These reservations were based on the concept that women's milk creates 'milk kinship' believed to impede marriage in Islamic Law. This type of kinship is, however, a distinctive phenomenon of Arab tradition and relatively unknown in Western cultures. This article is a pioneer study which fathoms out the contemp...

In Singapore, Islamic identity matters mainly because Muslims and Malays have special constitutional status. However, state policies seem to contradict the status while community is still dealing with problem of backwardness in educational economic development. This article examines profile strategic role two organizations, MUIS (Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura, Religious Council Singapore) Pergas...

India has many religious groups, of which Hindus are a majority, and Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists Jains minorities. India’s Constitution, adopted in 1950, departed from the existing norms secularism Europe elsewhere, suggested strict separation religion state. Moreover, freedom is Fundamental Right guaranteed under Indian Constitution. With its distinct model special provisions for min...

Drawing on recent cross-nationally comparative survey data of the Turkish and Moroccan second generation in five European cities, this study examines the patterns of identification with ethnic, religious, national and city identities. We take a comparative perspective and analyse data from five cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Brussels and Stockholm) that differ markedly in their policy a...