The “inability to switch off from work” — thinking about work during personal lives is one of the barriers work-life balance. However, there a lack empirical research on factors, and effective ways support balance have not been clarified because no scale measure it. This study’s purpose develop “Inability Switch Work Scale.” We conducted cross-sectional survey obtained data 416 full-time employ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is common to multiple emotional disorders and occurs before, during, and following a stressor. One replicated difference between common forms of RNT such as worry and rumination is temporal orientation towards a stressor, with worry being more future-oriented and rumination more past-oriented. Different mechanisms may drive RNT at the...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Excessive rumination following traumatic or highly distressing experiences has been proposed to be an important maintaining factor of posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, not all forms of repetitive thinking about a negative event appear to be dysfunctional. It has been suggested that the abstractness of thinking is critical for its symptom-maintaining effects. The ...