— Various model parameter calculation equations of RF CMOS inductors are compared. The calculation equations are using as variables either Y, Z-parameters or S-parameters. Results are based on on-wafer RF S-parameter measurements of a 3.75 turn spiral inductor fabricated in AMIS 0.7 μm CMOS DM1P n-well technology. Results obtained with calculation equations for a differentially driven inductor ...

Reproduction potential of vermicomposting earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae using Murraya koenigii leaf litter with cow dung and garden soil used as the mixed substrates. The growth reproductive number juveniles, cocoons adults were higher in experimental setup T1 (100% alone). In curry suppressed reproduction earthworm, it might be due to concentration chemical compounds Alpha-caryophyllene, 2-Pheny...

Accurate inferences on population genetics data require a sound underlying theoretical null model. Organisms alternating sexual and asexual reproduction during their life-cycle have been largely neglected in theoretical population genetic models, thus limiting the biological interpretation of population genetics parameters measured in natural populations. In this article, we derive the expectat...

An enduring problem in evolutionary biology is the near ubiquity of sexual reproduction despite the inherent cost of transmitting only half the parent's genes to progeny. Queens of some ant species circumvent this cost by using selectively both sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis: workers arise from fertilized eggs, while new queens are produced by parthenogenesis. We show that queens of th...

The near-ubiquity of sexual reproduction in animal species has long been considered a paradox because sexually reproducing individuals transmit only half of their genome to their progeny. Here, we show that the ant Cataglyphis cursor circumvents this cost by using alternative modes of reproduction for the production of reproductive and nonreproductive offspring. New queens are almost exclusivel...

Individuals who reproduce asexually have a two-fold advantage over their sexually-reproducing counterparts as they are able to reproduce twice as fast. Explaining why sexual reproduction is favoured over asexual reproduction therefore remains an important challenge in evolutionary biology. Various mechanisms involving resistance to parasites, adaptation to novel environments and helping to purg...

We develop a covariance-matrix-based uncertainty analysis for vector-network-analyzer scattering-parameter measurements. The covariance matrix captures all of the measurement uncertainties and statistical correlations between them. This allows the uncertainties of vector-network-analyzer scattering-parameter measurements to be propagated into the uncertainties of other quantities derived from s...