BACKGROUND A non-invasive means of measuring pulmonary blood flow (PBF) would have numerous benefits in medicine. Traditionally, respiratory-based methods require breathing maneuvers, partial rebreathing, or foreign gas mixing because exhaled CO2 volume on a per-breath basis does not accurately represent alveolar exchange of CO2. We hypothesized that if the dilutional effect of the functional r...

Many sets of data indicate that HIV-infected individuals maintain a low level of chronic immune activation and inflammation even in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). This residual immune activation seems to be associated with accelerated aging and an increased incidence of non-AIDS-defining illnesses. Several published studies suggest that physical activity is a beneficial...

The determination of an accurate centre of rotation (CoR) from skin markers is essential for the assessment of abnormal gait patterns in clinical gait analysis. Despite the many functional approaches to estimate CoRs, no non-invasive analytical determination of the error in the reconstructed joint location is currently available. The purpose of this study was therefore to verify the residual of...

BACKGROUND Molecular resistance detection (MRD) of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculous drugs provides faster results than phenotypic tests, may shorten treatment and allow earlier separation among patients with and without second-line drug resistance. METHODS In a decision-analytical model we simulated a cohort of patients diagnosed with TB in a setting where drug resistant TB is highl...

office residual expenses, the company uses a base as provided in 9904.403. For the purpose of allocating the home office IR&D and B&P costs, the company removes the data of Segment X from the base used for the allocation of its residual expenses. This practice meets the requirements of 9904.420–50(e)(2). (g) Company G has 10 segments. Segment X performs IR&D projects, the results of which benef...

This study investigated whether British women prefer to crouch over public toilet seats, and measured the effect of such a voiding position on urine flow rate and residual urine volume. Of 528 consecutive women who attended a general gynaecological clinic and completed an anonymous questionnaire, 85% usually crouched over the toilet when using a public convenience, 12% applied paper to the seat...

A probabilistic approach which exploits the domain and distribution of the uncertain model parameters has been developed for the design of robust input shapers. A Polynomial Chaos based expansion approach is used to approximate uncertain system states and cost functions in terms of finite-dimensional series expansion in the stochastic space. Residual energy of the system is used as cost functio...

A probabilistic approach, which exploits the domain and distribution of the uncertain model parameters, has been developed for the design of robust input shapers. Polynomial chaos expansions are used to approximate uncertain system states and cost functions in the stochastic space. Residual energy of the system is used as the cost function to design robust input shapers for precise rest-to-rest...

Cochlear implantation is now being performed in ears with residual hearing. Those implant recipients who keep residual hearing may benefit from improved pitch resolution through both electrical and acoustic hearing. Preservation of cochlear function after implantation is a challenging task for the surgeon. Current topics of hearing preservation research include electrode design and surgical tec...