The diagram showing off-center nested spheres which is traditionally used to illustrate the Doppler effect, misleading and its trigonometric analysis leads errors concerning light, because electromagnetic aberration effects conform a wavefront surface that not sphere but an ellipsoid stretched along trajectory of source. Cartesian polar equations spherical ellipsoidal wavefronts are compared he...

Abstract DNA sequencing is one of the great valuable techniques in molecular biology, which can be used to detect the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA fragment. The high-throughput se­quencing known as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) revolutionized genomic research and molecular biology; therefore, the whole human genome can be sequenced with a low cost in several days. NGS technology is simi...