A fundamental function of the respiratory system is the supply of oxygen to meet metabolic demand. Morphological constraints on the supply of oxygen, such as the structure of the lung, have previously been studied in birds. Recent research has shown that uncinate processes (UP) are important respiratory structures in birds, facilitating inspiratory and expiratory movements of the ribs and stern...

We considered the association of several metabolic and lifestyle variables as modulators of the decline in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fat-free weight (FFW) in 183 healthy females (18-81 yr). RMR showed a curvilinear decline with age, which was significant in women aged 51-81 yr but not in women aged 18-50 yr. FFW showed a curvilinear decline with age, which was significant (P < 0.01) in w...

Pulsating electrostatic field (PESF) therapy was investigated to assess the possibility of increasing the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in 14 adult females. The pumping effect of positive calcium and hydrogen ions was obtained by 30 min daily exposure to negative PESF, adjusted individually between 2 and 9 kV. This treatment could result in a buffering effect on blood pH and reduction of the rou...

BACKGROUND Increased resting heart rate (RHR) may be associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity. Our aim was to explore the possibility that increased RHR is associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of apparently healthy individuals and those with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a large sample of appare...

OBJECTIVE This study examined the repeatability of measuring resting metabolic rate (RMR) in preschool children and the effect of different calculation protocols. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Eleven children (4 females and 7 males) participated in the project. They were recruited through advertisements in local schools and community centers. Resting metabolic rate was measured on 3 occasio...

Harmful parasite infestation can cause energetically costly behavioural and immunological responses, with the potential to reduce host fitness and survival. It has been hypothesized that the energetic costs of infection cause resting metabolic rate (RMR) to increase. Furthermore, under terminal investment theory, individuals exposed to pathogens should allocate resources to current reproduction...

There is substantial evidence that obesity is a prime risk factor for the development of hypertension. Although hyperinsulinemia and an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of "obesity hypertension," their effects on energy metabolism have not been studied thus far. In the present study, we therefore examined resting metabolic rate (RMR) ...

In order to study the influence of heredity on resting metabolic rate (RMR), 20 monozygotic and 19 dizygotic male twins pairs aged 20.6 (SD 2.9) and 21.4 (SD 3.1) years, gave their consent to participate in the experiment. Fat free weight (FFW) was estimated from underwater weighing. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry using an open circuit system. RMR was expressed as kJ X min-1, kJ/m2 X ...

Background Weight gain may be associated with an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the main component of total energy expenditure, and is related mainly to lean mass (LM), as well as to other factors such as fat mass (FM), age, sex and genetic factors. A RMR lower than expected may be a risk factor for weight gain. RMR is estimated by eq...

The concentration of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes (MOPCs) is tuned to the maximum energy conversion requirements of a given tissue; however, whether the activity of MOPCs is altered in response to acute changes in energy conversion demand is unclear. We hypothesized that MOPCs activity is modulated by tissue metabolic stress to maintain the energy-metabolism homeostasis. Me...