Modular Geogrid Reinforced Soil (GRS) retaining walls, as flexible structures, usually have a certain deformation capacity. However, the damage of facing panels will directly affect durability performance wall and pose threat to safety operation road related facilities. In order study influence different load factors on mode failure characteristics wall, an indoor large-scale model test was car...

This paper explores some of the aspects of embedded retaining wall design, in particular the interrelationship between system uncertainty and the use of factors of safety in the various design procedures. System uncertainty reflects the mismatch between idealised retaining wall behaviour and what is observed in practice. This feature is modelled using the concept of fuzzy sets where the degree ...